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BACKGROUNDSydenham chorea (SC), also known as St. Vitus dance, is a manifestation of inflammatory involvement of the basal ganglia and caudate nucleus of the central nervous system, due to acute rheumatic fever. The latency period between the inciting streptococcal pharyngitis and the onset of clinical signs of chorea is longer than that of the other major manifestations of the disease, averaging two to four months, and sometimes extending to as long as 12 months. It is more common in childhood, female, less frequent after 15 years and exceptional after 20 years.

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