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No association was found between AWS severity and Th and its esters, while the diagnostic power of thiamine diphosphate (TDP) and Th was very high. TDP was the most significant among the parameters under study, confirming that erythrocyte TDP is a suitable marker of alcoholism: TDP sensitivity across subjects was 84.1%, specificity 85.4%, positive predictive value 82.4%, and negative predictive value 88.0%.

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Definitions 3. Hazard Identification 3.1. Significance of Parameters 3.1.1. Physicochemical Properties 3.1.2. Toxicological Properties 3.1.3. Ecotoxicological Properties 3.2. Interaction of Parameters 3.2.1. Hydrosolubility 3.2.2. Liposolubility 3.2.3. Corrosion/Irritation and Oxidizing Power 3.3. Classification Schemes: The European Union System 3.3.1. Transportation 3.3.2. The EU Classification for the Marketing of Dangerous Substances 3.4. Hazard Identification of Preparations: Calculation Systems for Different Use Categories (EU Approach) 3.4.1. Classification Based on Physical and Chemical Effects 3.4.2. Classification Based on Biological Effects 3.4.3. Classification Based on Environmental Effects 4. Risk Assessment 4.1. General Methodology 4.2. Qualitative and Quantitative Aspects: Toxicological and Ecotoxicological Properties 4.2.1. Hazard Identification 4.2.2. Dose (Concentration) ‐ Response (Effect) Assessment 4.2.3. Exposure Assessment 4.2.4. Risk Characterization 4.2.5. Physicochemical Properties 4.3. Risk ‐ Benefit Considerations 4.4. Definition of Acceptable Risk 4.5. Summary of Risk Assessment 5. Risk Management 5.1. Supplying Information (Risk Communication) 5.2. Codes of Practice 5.3. Product Standards 5.4. Control of Supply 5.5. Control of Use 5.6. Voluntary Agreements 5.7. Economic Instruments: Harnessing Market Forces 5.8. Integration of Pollution Control and Chemicals Control 5.9. Monitoring Effectiveness 6. Ecolabeling 6.1. Philosophy 6.2. The EU Scheme 7. Acknowledgement

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