Formas adequadas para a nutrição de plantas, aliada ao uso de microrganismos que promovam o crescimento vegetal, são importantes para alcançar o equilíbrio e a sustentabilidade na agricultura. Neste trabalho, estudou-se os principais efeitos no milho em função da inoculação de sementes com A. brasilense associadas à fertilização com cama de frango. O trabalho foi conduzido a campo, em duas áreas, com delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, em esquema 2x6. O primeiro fator foi a inoculação com A. brasilense e controle. O segundo fator foram seis doses de cama de frango, estabelecidas pela recomendação de adubação, utilizando-se 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250% da dose recomendada para cada área. Aos 60 dias após a semeadura, foram realizadas análises morfométricas, como altura de planta e diâmetro de colmo, massa da matéria seca de colmo mais bainha e de folha. No estádio R6, aproximadamente os 150 dias após a semeadura, foram determinados a massa de mil grãos e a produtividade. A cama de frango influenciou positivamente na produtividade, altura e diâmetro basal de colmo e massa seca da parte aérea do milho. O A. brasilense promoveu o aumento de massa de folhas, influenciando positivamente na massa de mil grãos e na produtividade do milho. Palavras-chave: Zea mays L.; bactérias promotoras de crescimento vegetal; adubação orgânica.   Production and productivity of corn inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense fertilized with chicken bed   ABSTRACT: Appropriate forms of plant nutrition, combined with the use of microorganisms that promote plant growth, is important to achieve balance and sustainability in agriculture. In this work, the main effects on corn as a function of seed inoculation with A. brasilense associated with fertilization with chicken litter were studied. The work was carried out in the field, in two areas, with an experimental design in randomized blocks, in a 2x6 scheme. The first factor was inoculation with A. brasilense and control. The second factor was six doses of chicken litter, established by the fertilization recommendation, using 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250% of the recommended dose for each area. At 60 days after sowing, morphometric analyzes were performed, such as plant height and stem diameter, stem dry matter mass plus sheath and leaf. At stage R6, approximately 150 days after sowing, the mass of a thousand grains and yield were determined. Chicken litter positively influenced yield, height and basal stem diameter and shoot dry mass of corn. A. brasilense promoted the increase in leaf mass, positively influencing the mass of a thousand grains and maize yield. Keywords: Zea mays L.; plant growth promoting bactéria; organic fertilization.

In view of the high nitrogen availability required by soybean, inoculation with nitrogen fixing bacteria, such as Bradyrhizobium japonicum, is an economically viable option. Moreover, the co-inoculation of these microorganisms with plant growth promoting bacteria, such as Azospirillum brasilense, presents high efficiency compared to the isolated use of these microorganisms. Given the above, the study aimed to determine the effects of applying a soil bio-activator associated with the inoculation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Azospirillum brasilense bacteria, on morphometric, physiological and productive variables of soybean crop. The experiment was conducted in the field, in a randomized block design with four replicates. The treatments were: control; seed inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum; seed inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense; application of soil bio-activator; seed inoculation with B. japonicum and A. brasilense; seed inoculation with B. japonicum and application of soil bio-activator; seed inoculation with A. brasilense and application of soil bioactivator; and seed inoculation with B. japonicum and A. brasilense and application of soil bioactivator. In the morphometric analysis, plants inoculated with B. japonicum presented a greater number of nodules compared to the control. The co-inoculation associated with use of soil bio-activator increased the chlorophyll relative content, at the beginning of the cycle, in 6.37% in relation to the control. In gas exchange analysis, the isolated use of soil bio-activator obtained higher intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) in V4. No increases in relation to the control were observed in the other variables evaluated, rejecting the hypothesis that coinoculation associated with the use of soil bio-activator would promote increases in morphometric, physiological and productive characteristics of the soybean crop. Highlighted Conclusion1. The use of soil bio-activator associated with inoculation and coinoculation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Azospirillum brasilense does not provide increases in morphometric, physiological, and productive variables of the soybean crop. 2. Further studies are needed on the influence of soil bio-activators on the bacteria used in this study, enabling further verification of their applicability.

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This study aimed to analyze the influence of inoculation methods with Azospirillum brasilense in morphometric and nutritional parameters of the maize crop. Maize plants, hybrid Formula VT®, were grown under different forms of inoculation: absence of inoculation; seed inoculation; leaf inoculation; seed inoculation associated to leaf inoculation. In the phenological stages V8 and VT the parameters number of leaves, aerial height, root volume, stem diameter, besides the leaves, stem, sheath, root and total dry mass and the leaf content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were determined. In the R6 stage, in addition to the previous evaluations the following parameters were determined: ear diameter and length, number of kernel rows, number of kernels per row, the reproductive structure and thousand grains dry mass, and total number of grains, besides the grain’s content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The SPAD index from the leave’s apex, medial and basal thirds was measured fortnightly. The inoculation methods with A. brasilense had little influence in maize’s morphometric and nutritional parameters, also not influencing in production. Maize plants inoculated with A. brasilense, via seed and via seed associated to leaf spraying, positively stood out for the stem diameter, leaves dry mas, root volume, and for the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium leaf content.

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) are responsible for causing great damage to tomato crop, demanding various specific management strategies. In order to find an effective alternative to control this pathogen, the aim of this study was to test the rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) extract in formulation with hydrogel. The formulation was used at doses of 0.25; 0.50; 0.75; 1.00 and 1.25 g per pit, at seedling transplanting, and as controls, 1.25 g of hydrogel (without rosemary) and absolute control (only water). The nematological variables evaluated were number of egg masses, number of galls, total nematodes per root, and reproduction factor. To verify whether plant resistance induction occurred, root samples were collected at different time periods and the activity of the enzymes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (FAL), peroxidase (POX) and polyphenoloxidase (PFO) were measured. For the nematological variables, we verified proportional dose-dependent reduction of nematode infection, indicating its effectiveness in disease control. For the enzymes, FAL showed no significant change in any treatment or time period tested, whereas POX and PFO showed peaks of activity in different treatments and times, mainly at the dose 1.25 g of the formulation. These results indicated that the control of M. incognita in tomato crop can be achieved by a direct effect of the rosemary extract on the nematode population as well as by plant resistance in response to the pathogen action.