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Background: Oral mucosa indentations can be signs of awake bruxism (AB) in adults, but this association has not yet been verified in adolescents. Objectives:To evaluate the frequency of AB in adolescents and determine whether there is an association between AB and oral mucosa indentation.Methods: This study enrolled 66 high school students, mean age of 16.9 (±0.54) years. Clinical inspection was performed to assess the presence or absence of tongue, cheek and lip mucosa indentation. AB was assessed by the Ecological Momentary Assessment method using the WhatsApp mobile app. Messages were sent 15 times a day, 7 days, between 8:00 AM and 7:00 PM at random times to choose one of the five oral behaviours: teeth contact, teeth clenching, teeth grinding, mandible bracing and relaxed jaw muscles. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test for independent samples, Friedman test for paired samples, Friedman pairwise multiple comparisons non-parametric test, Pearson's chi-squared tests, and z-test of comparisons between two proportions were performed (p < .05). Results:During the week the frequency of AB behaviours was 56.20%, teeth contact was the most frequent (37.68% ± 22.26%), significantly more frequent than other AB behaviours; there was a greater frequency of cheek indentation (27.27%) and no difference between genders in oral behaviours and indentations (p > .05). A higher frequency of AB behaviours was observed in individuals with a greater frequency of cheek indentation (p < .05). Conclusions:Teeth contact and cheek indentation were the most frequent conditions among adolescents and AB behaviours are associated with this indentation.

RESUMOO presente trabalho tem por objetivo relatar um caso clínico diagnosticado como Síndrome da apnéia obstrutiva do sono, e expor uma sequência lógica para o tratamento de pacientes que sofrem desta doença. Através da interpretação do exame de polissonografia, da anamnese, exame clínico e, ainda, por meio da realização do traçado e análise cefalométrica para apnéia do sono, indicou-se de forma segura e efetiva a terapia com aparelho intra-oral. Desta maneira, foi confeccionado um aparelho de avanço mandibular, o PLG. Após quatro semanas de uso do aparelho, o paciente foi encaminhado à realização de uma nova polissonografia, a qual revelou ausência de apnéias obstrutivas durante o sono. As etapas seguidas no tratamento deste estudo de caso destacaram a importância e a necessidade de uma abordagem correta e criteriosa dos casos de pacientes com apnéia do sono encaminhados ao consultório odontológico. A abordagem e sequência apresentadas garantiram o sucesso no tratamento deste estudo de caso. Obstructive episodes are usually accompanied by loud snoring and a drop in blood oxygen saturation (hypoxemia), ending in short micro-awakenings, which result in sleep fragmentation 4 . Sleep basically consists of two moments that alternate between waking states: non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM). Sleep apnea events last longer and have higher hypoxemia during REM sleep than during NREM sleep in patients with OSAS 5 . Termos de indexação:According to Jauhar et al. 2 , the deterioration of sleep quality caused by OSAS significantly contributes to excessive daytime sleepiness, loss of cognitive capacity, and mood swings and personality changes. It has also been associated with a worsening in the quality of life and in relationships with spouses and partners, decreased alertness, and an increased risk of traffic accidents. In addition, there are indications of an increase in cardiovascular diseases among untreated OSAS patients, and it is a potentially life-threatening condition 1,3,[6][7] that requires an early diagnosis and effective treatment.

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