The use of biodegradable materials has a growing field of application due to environmental concerns, however, scientific research on incremental forming using biomaterials is scarce. Thus, this study focuses on the single point incremental forming (SPIF) process applied to a composite sheet that combines a biodegradable thermoplastic matrix (Solanyl) reinforced with natural fibres (flax). The influence of the process parameters on the final geometry is determined, evaluating the effect of the following factors: step depth, wall angle and temperature reached during the process. Additionally, a heated aqueous medium is incorporated which facilitates the formability of the composite sheets. This method is especially useful for materials that have poor formability at room temperature. The benefits of using controlled heat include the reduction of formation forces applied to the plate, improved accuracy due to the reduction of elastic recovery, and the manipulation of the samples remarkably close to the glass transition temperatures. Through this experimental study with the variables analysed, a maximum shaping depth of 310 mm is obtained. These results confirm that the single point shaping used with bioplastic materials is possible and has positive outcomes for incremental forming.

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This analysis deals with the problem of track degradation and monitoring methods. The main aim is to discuss benefits, drawbacks, and shortages of most of them. There are several monitoring failures approach available today, but no one can predict when or where a failure will occur. This study examines several types of track failures found in railway tracks. Among the many procedures and measures used to deal with these types of track degradation, the authors propose simplified mobile application for investigating the condition of the track. The major goal of the research is to review and provide approaches for track life prediction based on the previous methodologies. The failure prediction can be determined by looking at the degradation of various railway track components. The paper initially addresses railway tracks and their components. Then, it will go over the most usual types of failures that can occur on a railway track and discussion of monitoring techniques. Starting from the methods used when a component fails, it proposes a new prediction method for failures and track life based on the simplified approach to track monitoring using a mobile by a systematic collection of data plots obtained with smartphones in a real track section in India.

The use of biodegradable materials has a growing field of application due to environmental concerns, however, scientific research on incremental forming using biomaterials is scarce. Thus, this study focuses on the single point incremental forming (SPIF) process applied to a composite sheet that combines a biodegradable thermoplastic matrix (Solanyl) reinforced with natural fibres (flax). The influence of the process parameters on the final geometry is determined, evaluating the effect of the following factors: step depth, wall angle and temperature reached during the process. Additionally, a heated aqueous medium is incorporated which facilitates the formability of the composite sheets. This method is especially useful for materials that have poor formability at room temperature. The benefits of using controlled heat include the reduction of formation forces applied to the plate, improved accuracy due to the reduction of elastic recovery, and the manipulation of the samples remarkably close to the glass transition temperatures. Through this experimental study with the variables analysed, a maximum shaping depth of 310 mm is obtained. These results confirm that the single point shaping used with bioplastic materials is possible and has positive outcomes for incremental forming.