Recoil-free nuclear-resonance absorption was measured on Y3Ga,Fes powders with 1.75 5 t 5 4.0. A constant acceleration spectrometer was used, and the investigations were performed at room temperature, that is, above the Curie temperature of these compounds. For each material, we observed three resonant absorption maxima with different heights. The position of the maxima on the velocity scale is independent of composition. For each spectrum, two doublets which arise from the quadrupole splitting of the 57Fe nuclei are assigned;one doublet arises from the67Fe nuclei in the tetrahedral (d) sites, whereas the other arises from the 57Fe nuclei in the octahedral (a). From the relative values for the intensities D and A for the d-and a-sites together with the known amount of t, the fraction x/t of the Ga3+ ions in the d-sites was determined for each compound. The results were compared with work on cation distribution in substituted garnets obtained from 1. magnetization measurements, 2. X-ray and neutron diffraction, and 3. thermodynamics of solid solutions. At Ga concentrations t 2 2.0, our results deviate from the ones obtained from magnetization data. The distribution function proposed under 3. from the equilibrium conditions for ions in multisublattice structures is consistent with the experimental data presented in this paper. Die riickstoafreie Kernresonanzabsorption in Granatpulvern mit der Zusammensetzung Y,Ga,Fes-tO,, (1,75 5 t 5 4,O) wurde mittels eines Spektromaters mit konstanter Beschleunigung gemessen. Die Untersuchungen erfolgten bei Raumtemperatur, d. h. oberhalb der Curietemperatur der Granatverbindungen. Drei Maxima der Resonanzabsorption mit unterschiedlichen Hohen wurden fur jedes Material festgestellt. Die Lage der Maxima auf der Geschwindigkeitsskala ist unabhangig von der chemischen Zusammensetzung. In jedem Spektrum traten zwei Doppellinien auf. Sie werden durch die Aufspaltung der elektrischen Quadrupolenergie des angeregten 57Fe-Kernes verursacht : Eine Doppellinie ruhrt von den Kernen in Tetraederlagen (d), die andere von den Kernen in Oktaederlagen (a) her. Aus den Werten fur die Linienintensitaten D und A, die (d) beziehungsweise (a) zugeordnet wurden, und aus den vorgegebenen Werten fur t ergab sich das Verhaltnis x/t der Ga3+-Ionen in den Tetraederlagen. Die Resultate uber die Verteilung der Kationen auf die Untergitter wurden mit den Ergebnissen friiherer Untersuchungen verglichen : 1. Auswertung der Sattigungsmagnetisierung; 2. Rontgenstrahlen-und Neutronenbeugung, 3. Thermodynamik von Mischkristallen. Fur Ga-Konzentrationen t 2 2,O weichen die mit der magnetischen Methode erhaltenen Werte von den unseren ab. Die in 3. vorgeschlagene, aus den Gleichgewichtsbedingungen fur Strukturen mit, mehreren Untergittern abgeleitete Verteilungsfunktion wurde durch die experimentellen Aussagen der hier dargestellten Untersuchung bestatigt.

This paper discusses the history and impact of using high-speed telemetry and wired drill pipe on the drilling process. Efficiency gains, well placement advantages, campaign cost reductions, automation improvements, as well as what other operational efficiencies high-speed telemetry can enable.

As a part of continuing search for magnetic materials with improved properties and broader applicability in microwave devices, recoil-free nuclear resonance absorption was measured on eleven different compositions of Y3Al,Fe5 -to,, powder specimens with t ranging from 0.39 to 4. To avoid magnetic line splitting, measurements were made above t,lie Curie temperature. The quadrupole splittings of the FeS7 nuclei in the garnet structure caused two absorption doublets for each composition. From the intensities of the lines, the distribution of Fe3+ and A13+ on the tetrahedral and octahedral sites wit>h regard to the composition was obtained. Some of the powders had been subjected to an identical and controlled heat treatment to establish their cation equilibrium at the same temperature. Wit,h both the cation distribution and the equilibrium temperature defined, the stabilization energy was determined for each compound. This quantity is a measure for the "site preference", in 0111-pz~rt,irnlar case of AI3+ in AIYIG materials. The results on the distribution are compared with earlier work on AIYIG, GaYIG, and AlYGaG. The electric field gradients resulting from the position of the doublet lines are compared with other investigations on the same compounds.Die ruckstoljfreie Kernresonanzabsorpt'ion wurde an elf verschiedenen Granatpulvern mit der Zusammensetzung Y3A1,Fe5-to,, fur 0,39 5 t 5 4,O oberhalb der Curietemperaturen gernessen. Die elektrische Quadrupolaufspaltung ergibt fur jedes Material zwei Dopiwllinieu. A m ihren IntensitBiten wurde die Verteilung der Fe3+-nnd der AI3+-Kationen auf die tctraedrischen und die oktaedrischen Gitterpliitze bestimmt. Urn Kationengleichgewicht h i ciner wohldefinierten Temperatur zu erhalten, wurde die Temperaturbehandlung fur cinige der Materialien in ubereinstimmender Weise ausgefiihrt, und die Stabilisierungsrnergien wurden bestimmt. Diese Energie ist ein quantitatives MaD fur die Gitterplatzi)c:vorzngiing des A13+-Ions in AIYIG-Verbindungen. Die Ergebnisse iiber die Kationenvertoilungen wurden mit friiheren Ergebnissen an AIYIG, GaYIG und AIYGaG verglichen.

Industries other than the drilling industry have largely adopted process automation, up to the level of full autonomy. Drilling automation technologies are becoming available, but uptake is slow. One major challenge is successfully motivating all actors in the complex work organization that is drilling. The authors believe that a change is required in business models and ways of measuring success in order to achieve this. Using existing computerized process models, tools may be generated for automatic optimization of drilling performance. The same methodology may be used for evaluating drilling operations to determine the quality of the operation. In comparing with optimal performance, key performance indicators (KPIs) may directly reflect the benefits of automation. An analysis of known automation functions is performed, covering application areas and the effect on safety and efficiency in the drilling process. Key attributes of the same automation functions are evaluated in order to gain proper understanding of the complexities in developing good business models. Automation technology built on optimization methods allows for development of new KPIs that are a direct measure of the quality of the process. However, current automation efforts reveal value conflicts in the work organization. Such conflicts must be resolved if the potential of automation is to be fulfilled. Once such conflicts are resolved, the building of fresh contractual models and the standardization of KPIs will make it easier for the industry to cooperate and move forward in using new automation technology. The novelty in the proposed approach lies in resolving goal conflicts in the work organization with reference to overall value, based on which business and contractual models properly reflect the benefits and value of drilling systems automation technology applied in the current work organization.

The reasons behind Statoil choosing to include continuous circulation in HPHT Managed Pressure Drilling operations in the Kvitebjørn Field in the North Sea are explained. The paper will also discuss the preparations for the operation and the equipment and manpower required to enable the Continuous Circulation System to be installed and operated on the platform. Results recorded by the drilling team during the drilling period are described. Reference is also made to other applications of the Continuous Circulation System.