Maternal vitD supplementation improved maternal and neonatal vitD status.

Objective: To measure the success rate of combined clomiphene citrate and gonadotrophin therapy in infertile patients. Study Design: Observational analytical study. Period: June 2009 to June 2010. Methods: In this observational analytical study, total of 100 infertile patients were selected for Combined Clomiphene Citrate and Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin (CC – hMG) regime and maximum of three treatment cycle were given. Results: Out of 100 patients in our study, 74% (2/3 rd) patients were less than 30 years of age and 26% (1/3rd ) were between 30 – 40 yrs of age. Primary infertility was seen also in 2/3rd of patients (73% ) and secondary infertility in remaining 1/3rd (27%) of patients. Polycystic ovary (PCO) was the commonest cause of an ovulation seen in 62% of patients, obesity in 24% of patients and in 14% of patients cause was unknown (unexplained infertility). on average only 4.1 Inj of gonadotrophin were required to get a mature follicle on an average 12th day (12.41 day) of the cycle. As concerned the treatment outcome, 82% of patient reported back after first course of treatment. Urine pregnancy test was positive in 18%. Remaining 64% patent were offered second course of treatment, out of which only 35% agreed for further treatment. After second course of treatment positive urine pregnancy test was seen in only 5% of patients. Remaining 30% of patients were advised third course of treatment. Out of these 30%, 8 patients took gonadotrophin regime, 10 patients agreed on follicle tracking only, 8 % of patients refused further treatment and 4 % did not report back. Conclusions: Our study shows the success rate of 23% with CC-HMG combined treatment which is double the CC alone and equal to HMG alone, thereby reducing the cost of treatment without sacrificing efficacy. In other words combined CC-HMG regime is cost effective technique in the management of infertile patients.

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The present study aimed to develop effective In vitro methods by means of callus and axillary buds for ex-situ conservation and rapid micro-propagation of a critically endangered, narrow endemic species Haplophyllum gilesii (Hemsel) C.C. Townsend, present in Pakistan confined to Gilgit Baltistan region. Media used was MS basal with various combinations of growth regulators (kinetin, GA3, BAP, IBA and NAA) for shoot multiplication, callus induction, regeneration and root induction. Supplementation of 2.5mgL-1 BAP for 35 days of culture subsequently resulted in maximum number (6.8) of shoots. Healthy roots were induced effectively with addition of GA3 (1.5mgL-1) and (0.4mgL-1) kinetin in half strength MS media. 2.5mgL-1 NAA, 0.25mgL-1 kinetin and 2.5mgL-1 BAP exhibited effective initiation and proliferation of callus while best regeneration was obtained at the medium having 1mgL-1 IBA. Acclimatized plantlets exhibited 100% survival rate for one week, after one month 60%, while survival rate after 5 months in pots was 45%. The protocol developed here can be used effectively for in-situ and ex-situ conservation as well as mass multiplication for production of H. gilesii plantlets and callus to assess its advantages without disturbing wild populations of this plant. There is still need to investigate secondary metabolic and molecular composition of this plant.

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