Objectives. To determine whether a community health worker (CHW) intervention improved outcomes in a low-income population with multiple chronic conditions. Methods. We conducted a single-blind, randomized clinical trial in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (2013–2014). Participants (n = 302) were high-poverty neighborhood residents, uninsured or publicly insured, and diagnosed with 2 or more chronic diseases (diabetes, obesity, tobacco dependence, hypertension). All patients set a disease-management goal. Patients randomly assigned to CHWs also received 6 months of support tailored to their goals and preferences. Results. Support from CHWs (vs goal-setting alone) led to improvements in several chronic diseases (changes in glycosylated hemoglobin: −0.4 vs 0.0; body mass index: −0.3 vs −0.1; cigarettes per day: −5.5 vs −1.3; systolic blood pressure: −1.8 vs −11.2; overall P = .08), self-rated mental health (12-item Short Form survey; 2.3 vs −0.2; P = .008), and quality of care (Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems; 62.9% vs 38%; P < .001), while reducing hospitalization at 1 year by 28% (P = .11). There were no differences in patient activation or self-rated physical health. Conclusions. A standardized CHW intervention improved chronic disease control, mental health, quality of care, and hospitalizations and could be a useful population health management tool for health care systems. Trial Registration. clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01900470.

This study evaluated health benefits of a supported physical activity program for 116 older carers (mean age 64.4 [SD = 7.9], 85% women). Participants undertook a 6-month center-based physical activity program (strength training, yoga, or Tai Chi). Eighty-eight participants (76%) completed the program. Multivariate repeated-measures ANOVA identified overall significant improvement postint-ervention (p = .004). Univariate analyses revealed significant improvements for balance, strength, gait endurance, depression, and SF-36 (physical component; p < .05). There was no change in the Zarit Carer Burden Scale (p > .05). Change in performance scores did not differ significantly between those with higher and lower attendance at classes, although there was significantly greater improvement in gait endurance and balance (p < .05) in those attending classes run twice weekly than in those attending once-weekly classes. In conclusion, a carer physical activity program, providing additional carer support to facilitate participation, can achieve high levels of involvement by carers and significant health benefits.

The belief that participation in sport and physical activity assists the integration of culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) migrants is prominent within sport policy and programming. Integration outcomes may be enhanced when the migrant develops facets of cultural capital that are valued by both the migrant and the destination country. This paper systematically examines the cultural capital of CALD migrants in the context of participation in sport and physical activity. Databases were searched for papers published in peer-reviewed journals between 1990 and 2016. A total of 3040 articles were identified and screened, and 45 papers were included in this review. Findings show that migrants' cultural capital can be both an asset to, and a source of exclusion from, sport participation. Sport and physical activity are sites where migrantspecific cultural capital is (re)produced, where new forms of cultural capital that are valued in the destination society are generated, and where cultural capital is negotiated in relation to the dominant culture. The authors conclude that the analytical lens of cultural capital enables an in-depth understanding of the interplay between migrant agency and structural constraints, and of integration as a two-way process of change and adaptation, in the context of sport and physical activity.

When added to early rehabilitation, wearing a night splint on the affected ankle in stroke patients appears to be as effective as standing on a tilt table in preventing contracture at the ankle. However, since there was no control group, the prevention of contracture may have been due to other factors.

A search was made of relevant databases and the reference lists of key textbooks and reviews. Of 420 potentially relevant articles, 25 were included in the review. Medicine, nursing, physiotherapy, occupational therapy and social work were the professions most often included. Aims and activities of interprofessional clinical education (IPCE) programs were varied, and there was inconsistency in outcome evaluation approach and tools.The models of IPCE described in the literature are diverse. The major barriers to IPCE were logistical, and the careful planning and negotiation required to overcome these barriers was time consuming. Detailed planning, stakeholder enthusiasm and commitment appear to be essential to the success of IPCE. The literature provides guiding principles for establishing a program; however, there is limited evidence to support a particular approach. Aust Health Rev 2008: 32(1): 111-120EFFECTIVE TEAMWORK is considered an essential component of safe and effective health care, 1 however, there are many barriers. These barriers include interprofessional rivalry, negative stereotyping and ignorance of the role and contribution of other professions.2 Interprofessional clinical education (IPCE) is promoted as a means of addressing these barriers. IPCE occurs when individuals of two or more health care professions come together within a clinical or fieldwork environment to learn "with, from and about each other in order to improve collaboration and the quality of practice". The aim of IPCE is to improve patient health outcomes through the collaboration of health care professionals. 4,5 It is widely assumed that effective interprofessional health care delivery can What is known about the topic? Interprofessional rivalry, negative stereotyping and ignorance of the role and contribution of other professions are barriers to effective teamwork in health care. Interprofessional education (IPE) occurs when individuals of two or more professional groups learn together collaboratively. The aim of IPE is to improve interprofessional collaboration and thereby improve patient health outcomes. What does this paper add?This review has located papers reporting on IPE in a clinical or fieldwork setting and identifies the barriers to and enablers for successfully implementing such a program. The review reveals great diversity in the models that have been trialled. What are the implications for practitioners? Successful interprofessional clinical education (IPCE) models require considerable planning and commitment from stakeholders and are time consuming to organise. Effective IPCE can produce positive experiences for students and faculty; however, less is published about patient and organisational outcomes.