RESUMENEste estudio se enfoca de forma diferente sobre la ciclicidad ya que evalúa el efecto de la grasa en los tiempos y estructuras de la actividad ovárica, que resultan variables estrechamente relacionadas a la eficiencia reproductiva de los hatos típicos de la región austral de región andina ecuatoriana. El uso de grasa "by pass" tiene efectos positivos en la actividad ovárica y presencia de estructuras ováricas de los animales, a pesar de que los animales no sean altamente productores. Este estudio se enfocó en evaluar el efecto de tres niveles de dietas de Grasa "by pass" (GB): GB1% (154-175 gr), GB2% (296-361gr) GB3 % (475-538 gr) y un control (GB0%); en un grupo de 60 vacas lecheras Holstein, clínicamente sanas, de 2 a 5 partos y con condición corporal de 3 a 3.5. Se analizó el tamaño y el número de ovarios como referencia de la actividad ovárica; y la presencia de folículos y cuerpos lúteos como estructuras ováricas. Se realizaron pruebas de significancia para determinar las diferencias de las variables concluyendo que la adición de grasa "by pass" adelanta la presencia de actividad ovárica, e influye en los ciclos estrales. Se confirmó también el efecto positivo de la misma sobre la condición corporal y producción.estructuras ováricas, actividad ovárica, grasa "by pass", hatos típicos. ABSTRACT This study focuses on cyclicity differently since it assesses the effect of fat on the times and structures of ovarian activity, which are variables closely related to the reproductive efficiency of herds typical of the southern region of the Ecuadorian Andean region. The use of "by pass" fat has positive effects on the ovarian activity and presence of ovarian structures of the animals, even though the animals are not highly productive. This study focused on evaluating the effect of three levels of "by pass" (GB) fat diets: GB1% (154-175 gr), GB2% (296-361gr) GB3% (475-538 gr) and a control (GB0%); in a group of 60 Holstein dairy cows, clinically healthy, from 2 to 5 births and with body condition from 3 to 3.5. The size and number of ovaries were analyzed as a reference for ovarian activity; and the presence of follicles and corpora lutea as ovarian structures. Significance tests were performed to determine the differences of the variables, concluding that the addition of "by pass" fat advances the presence of ovarian activity, and influences the estrous cycles. The positive effect of the same on body condition and production was also confirmed.by pass fat, ovarian structures, ovarian activity, typical herds.

The behavior of components of protein plant is of vital importance for animals that consume them in their diet. The objective of this research is to evaluate regression algorithms, to determine the behavior of the expressions that best adapt to the procedures of a traditional laboratory and to estimate the chemical components of protein plants, in this sense the MULAN library of java has been used, that contain automatic learning algorithms capable of adapting to dissimilar problems. Three data set were created for each species treated in this study; each of these include the main elements to be evaluate in each experiment, these are delimits by: secondary metabolites, cell wall components and digestibility element for training files one, two and three, respectively; subsequently, they were evaluated through learning supervised and cross-validation of each to determine the best fit by aRMSE (Average Root Mean Square Error). The learning results were compare with previous experiments, where there was a learning variant that contained in a single dataset all the components to be evaluates in a single prediction. The result of the comparison shows that the lazy algorithms based on instances have a better learning behavior than the others evaluate.

The objective of this research was to quantify the fermentation capacity and nutritional quality of corn silage with the inclusion of nitrogen sources such as chicken manure and soybean forage (Glicine max (L.) Merr.). The treatments were: corn forage alone or control (FM); Corn with inclusion of 10% soybean forage (FS10); Corn with 20% soybean forage (FS20); T4, Corn with 30% soybean forage (FS30); T5, Corn with 5% chicken manure (G5); T6, Corn with 10% chicken manure (G10) and T7, Corn with 15% chicken manure (G15). It was evidenced that the addition of poultry manure significantly increased the content of dry matter (DM), while the soybean forage (FS) presented similarity with the control. The total protein content (TP), due to the effect of the addition of FS, was higher than the other treatments studied. The nitrogen sources used did not affect the total fiber content (TF). The ash concentration value (C) was strongly affected by the addition of chicken manure. The content of ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3) increased with the inclusion of chicken manure in the silage process. The pH value, the concentration of lactic and butyric acid was significantly higher with the addition of chicken manure. In conclusion, it can be indicated that the addition of both chicken manure and soybean forage improve the nutritional content of corn silage, however, the inclusion of soybean forage is much more favorable in terms of fermentative variables.

El presente proyecto se desarrolló en la Estación Experimental Tropical Pichilingue del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP) y en el Laboratorio de Análisis Bromatológico de la Universidad UTE. Se evaluó el efecto de la fertilización nitrogenada con urea (0, 25, 50 y 75 kg de N ha-1) sobre la degradabilidad (biodisponibilidad) ruminal in situ (DIS) de los macrominerales (Ca, P y Mg) del pasto King Grass cosechado a los 40 días de rebrote. Para el análisis estadístico se empleó un diseño de bloques completos al azar, donde los criterios de bloqueo fue el animal donde se realizó la incubación ruminal, respectivamente. Los niveles de fertilización nitrogenada provocaron cambios en la biodisponibilidad ruminal (degradación) de Ca, P y Mg del pasto Pennisetum purpureum en las diferentes horas de incubación, acción que en la mayoría de los casos afectó la cinética de degradación del pasto en sus diferentes fracciones (Fracción soluble (A), Fracción insoluble pero potencialmente degradable (B), Fracción indegradable (c). Potencial de degradación ruminal (A+B).