No abstract

Background. In December 2019, multiple cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology surged in China. In January 2020, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was the identified cause. The World Health Organization (WHO) defined the condition as "Coronavirus 2019 Disease" (COVID-19). In February, its presence was confirmed in South America and Ecuador. On March 11th, the WHO declared COVID-19 as a pandemic. This condition mainly afflicts the respiratory system. However, reports of neurological manifestations in confirmed COVID-19 patients have recently emerged.Methods. Multiple databases were reviewed, the information was extracted and analyzed independently by 3 authors.Results. Neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19 were identified. Including: myalgia, headache, altered mental status, cerebrovascular events, dizziness, hypogeusia, hyposmia, neuropathic pain, visual impairment, ataxia, seizures, Central Hypoventilation Syndrome, encephalopathy, rhabdomyolysis, Acute Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Encephalopathy, Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS), meningitis and encephalitis.Conclusion. COVID-19 is associated with neurological involvement. It is most frequently observed in cases that are severe, atypical, and with comorbidities. Health care providers and neurologists alike, must remain alert and keep high suspicion of severity when these manifestations are present. Timely recognition might help initiate early treatment and isolation, preventing clinical decline and viral spread.

Objectives: To investigate the relationship among BDNF serum as well as hippocampal level, Amygdala and hippocampus histo-pathological changes and the occurrence of anxious and exploratory behavior in Sprague Dawley TMT-treated rats. Method: First, TMT (8 mg/kg) was injected intra-peritoneally (i.p) to all rats. The test groups received 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg of lithium chloride (LiCl) respectively and the sham group received saline for 14 days. The elevated plus maze, dark-light box and open field tests were conducted in order to investigate the anxiety symptoms and exploratory behaviors. Then, the BDNF serum and hippocampal levels were measured using ELISA procedure. This was to study the correlation between the anxiety symptoms with the neurotrophin levels and histopathological changes and neuronal density in different hippocampus subdivisions, including CA1, CA2, CA3 and dentate gyrus (DG) and the amygdala in both hemispheres. Results: Findings indicated an increase in anxiety behaviors and a decrease in exploratory ones. In addition, the BDNF hippocampal and serum levels were decreased in the TMT-treated rats. Also, an increase in necrotic areas and a decrease in neuronal density in different regions of the hippocampus and amygdala in both hemispheres were seen after Trimethyltin intoxication. Conclusion: LiCl, having sufficient neuroprotective effects, could be used as a solution to manage the anxiety symptoms and exploratory behaviors comorbidity with hippocampal degeneration after TMT intoxication.

Ha transcurrido un año desde que nuestra vida cambió. La pandemia de la CoVID19 ha azotado al mundo provocando muerte y desolación. Desnudó, en muchos países incluyendo el nuestro, que los sistemas de salud eran frágiles. Un virus totalmente desconocido hasta entonces se ensañó con los más vulnerables y movilizó a todo el personal de salud en un afán de contener la creciente ola de infecciones que iban segando vidas a su paso. Palabras clave: COVID-19

Paciente femenina de 72 años con antecedentes de cáncer mamario hace 11 años e hipertensión arterial. Ex-fumadora, desde hace 10 años. Actualmente con metástasis (M1) ósea, gastrointestinal, pulmonar, y sospecha de invasión en el SNC; en tratamiento quimioterapéutico. Madre también tuvo cáncer de mama. Presenta cuadro clínico de 2 semanas de evolución con lentitud al hablar y escribir, sin dificultad en la evocación de la información que desea comunicar. No refiere cefalea, mareos ni debilidad en extremidades. Al examen físico destaca: disfasia expresiva, ptosis palpebral derecha con limitación en la mirada hacia arriba, pupila 2mm derecha reactiva al estímulo luminoso. No focalidad motora en extremidades, no signos meníngeos.