Costs and their determination play a critical role in all manufacturing companies. The traditional costing system has received criticism resulting from the arbitrary allocation of indirect manufacturing costs. As an important initiative to address its weaknesses, new costing methods such as the Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing (TDABC) have emerged. Unfortunately, up to our knowledge, no investigations have been applied in analyzing assembly companies thoroughly nor considering all the processes necessary to obtain the final products. This article explores the TDABC application in the assembly industry through comparison with traditional volume-based costing by focusing on manual and semi-automatized production. Since the research is descriptive, a multiple-case study design was implemented in the assembly of televisions, motorcycles, and printed circuit boards. The developed methodology allowed determining the existence of factory overhead and direct labor cost variances between two different cost accounting systems, which also affected the unit cost of the products. Findings also highlight the benefits of TDABC application in the assembly industry, along with the shortcomings and future potential of research in this area.
Este trabajo propone el mapeo de procesos, como punto inicial, para la aplicación de un sistema de costos basado en actividades con evidencia reunida en dos líneas de ensamblaje, una manual y otra semiautomática. Para este propósito, se recopilan datos a través de técnicas de observación empírica y entrevistas individuales. Posteriormente, esta información se transfiere a hojas de proceso según las normas ISO 9001 y notación BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation) y se la analiza mediante técnicas estadísticas. Como resultado se pudo identificar y agrupar los procesos, subprocesos y actividades realizadas con los mismos recursos, logrando determinar el tiempo necesario para cada proceso de acuerdo a sus características, así como el número de repeticiones correspondiente a las actividades. Como conclusión, el trabajo permitió verificar que es posible realizar un análisis profundo de costos referentes a los procesos estratégicos, operacionales y de apoyo, por medio de un sistema de costeo basado en actividades, que permita analizar y precisar costos en base a los procesos críticos, buscando su optimización para un mejor desempeño de la organización.
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