IntroductionFractures of the diaphysis of the clavicle are common; however, treatment guidelines for this condition are lacking. Surgery is associated with a lower risk of non-union and better functional outcomes but a higher risk of complications. Open reduction and internal fixation with plates and screws are the most commonly performed techniques, but they are associated with paraesthesia in the areas of incisions, extensive surgical exposure and high rates of implant removal. Minimally invasive techniques for treating these fractures have a lower rate of complications. The aim of this study is to evaluate which surgical treatment option (minimally invasive osteosynthesis or open reduction and internal fixation) has better prognosis in terms of complications and reoperations.Methods and analysisThe study proposed is a multicentric, pragmatic, randomised, open-label, superiority clinical trial between minimally invasive osteosynthesis and open reduction and internal fixation for surgical treatment of patients with displaced fractures of the clavicle shaft. In the proposed study, 190 individuals with displaced midshaft clavicle fractures, who require surgery as treatment, will be randomised. The assessment will occur at 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 weeks, respectively. The primary outcome of the study will be the number of complications and reoperations. For sample size calculation, a moderate effective size between the techniques was considered in a two-tailed test, with 95% confidence and 90% power. Complications include cases of infection, hypertrophic scarring, non-union, refracture, implant failure, hypoesthesia, skin irritation and shoulder pain. Reoperations are defined as the number of surgeries for pseudoarthrosis, implant failure, infection and elective removal of the implant.Ethics and disseminationStudy approved by the institutional ethics committee (number 34249120.9.0000.5505—V.3). The results will be disseminated by publications in peer-reviewed journals and presentations in medical meetings.Trial registration numberRBR-3czz68)/UTN U1111-1257-8953.
RESUMO -A concentração fundiária no Brasil ainda é muito alta, o que demanda medidas governamentais cada vez mais eficazes para melhorar essa situação. Em dezembro de 1999, o governo instituiu a Portaria INCRA/P n° 558/1999, na qual cancela todos os cadastros de imóveis com área igual ou superior a 10.000 ha, estipulando um prazo de seis meses para que os proprietários pudessem apresentar as documentações que regularizassem seus imóveis. Após 18 meses, constatou-se que a maioria das propriedades cadastradas ainda permanecia irregular, o que poderia caracterizar a apropriação indevida de terras "grilagem". Neste trabalho, foi utilizado o SIG: SPRING (Sistema de Processamento de Informações Georreferenciadas) para gerar mapas cadastrais de propriedades, nos municípios do Estado do Tocantins, de modo a visualizá-las espacialmente. Pode-se concluir que a visualização, consulta e a análi-se de dados na forma de mapas cadastrais, propiciadas pelo SPRING, podem se tornar uma ferramenta muito importante para a Reforma Agrária. TERMOS PARA INDEXAÇÃO:SIG-SPRING, mapa cadastral, reforma agrária. THE USE OF THE SPRING SOFTWARE IN THE LAND MANAGEMENT: THE CASE OF TOCANTINS STATEABSTRACT -The concentration of large rural land properties by a few landholders is still very high in Brazil. In order to minimize this situation the government established at December 1999, the Portaria INCRA/P n° 558/1999, cancelling the whole issuing of land titles of properties with 10.000ha or more properties. A time of six months for land titling and registration was given, but after eighteen months, the greatest number of the properties were not regularized.This fact could appears like land unlawfull seizure. In this work it was used a GIS, software SPRING, for generate cadastral maps of rural properties at Tocantins State. The work allowed to conclude that the SPRING software is excellent in the production of cadastral maps for describing spatial information and individual parcels, as well as the fact that these maps are georeferenced. Thus SPRING could be a very important tool for the land reform. INDEX TERMS: GIS-SPRING, cadastral maps, land reform. INTRODUÇÃOA situação fundiária do Brasil sempre foi caracterizada pela sua alta concentração de terras, ou seja, a maior parte das áreas ocupadas por propriedades rurais está sob domínio de poucos proprietá-rios. Contribuindo para isso com maior ou menor gravidade, dependendo da região do País, há o problema da grilagem de terras, em que supostos proprietários aproveitam-se de documentos falsos, mas com aparência de idôneos, para apoderarem-se de terras pú-blicas ou especularem, com intuito de obterem vantagens ilícitas.Para combater esse problema, o governo brasileiro, em dezembro de 1999, por meio do atual Ministé-rio do Desenvolvimento Agrário, cancelou os cadastros de todas as propriedades rurais com área igual ou superior a 10.000 hectares. Essa medida ocorreu pela publicação da Portaria INCRA/P nº 558/99 INCRA (1999), que tornou obrigatória a regularização de todas essas grandes propriedade...
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