Despite improvements in the development of sutures and surgical techniques of laparorrhaphy and enterorrhaphy, complications resulting from the process of intestinal and muscular healing after simple enterorrhaphy or enteroanastomoses followed by laparorrhaphy are still frequent. The poliglecaprone 25 (PG) suture is commonly used in this type of surgical procedure due to the induction of little tissue reaction, rapid absorption by hydrolysis, and the absence of capillarity. The chitosan (CG) yarn, despite promising results in in vivo tests, is still rarely used. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of CG in the procedures of medium laparorrhaphy and cecorrhaphy in rabbits. A total of 42 rabbits were allocated in two groups (n = 21), one referring to raffia procedures using CG and another to postoperatively PG. Macroscopic and microscopic evaluations occurred postoperatively on days 5, 15, and 25. The incidence of postoperative complications such as fibrin accumulation, granulomas, partial dehiscence of the muscular wound, and formation of adhesions was similar in the study groups. In the microscopic evaluation, abdominal muscle healing presented granulation tissue at higher intensity and lower fibrosis at 15 days postoperatively in the CG animals, as well as a greater intensity of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells in the rabbits' cecorrhaphy area, also at 15 days when compared to PG animals. The conclusion is that the CG yarn comprises biomaterial useful to the laparorrhaphy and cecorrhaphy procedures in rabbits, representing a promising alternative for use in other species and anatomical locations.

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