Vitiligo is the most common hypopigmentation disorder; however, until now there iss no comprehensive epidemiological-clinical study of vitiligo in Indonesia. A descriptive study using a questionnaire among vitiligo patients in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung was conducted to determine the clinical findings, sociodemographic factors, coexisting autoimmune disorders, and severity of disease. All vitiligo patients were recruited during the period of February 2012 to April 2014 from the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, as well as from the Endocrinology and Rheumatology Clinic Department of Internal Medicine; Endocrinology and Allergy and Immunology Clinics Department of Child Health; and Department of Nuclear Medicine the same hospital. We collected data on socio-demographic profiles, clinical profile, and severity of vitiligo based on Vitiligo European Task Force (VETF). Out of 242 patients, female patients made up the majority of the patients (66.12%). In addition, most patients wereunder 20 years (33.47%) and experienced onset of vitiligo highest in the first decade of life (29.34%). About 19.42% had positive family history of vitiligo and only 6.2% had history of autoimmune diseases. The majority of patients (77.27%) had vulgaris type of vitiligo with head-neck (35.36%) asthe most frequent initial site of onset. Based on VETF, the skin affected was mostly below 10% of body surface area (82.23%), i.e. staging score of between 0-5 (57.44%), and spreading score of between >0-(+5) or 68.18%. It is concluded that vitiligo most commonly occurs in females with the highest onset of under 10-years old and strong relationship with genetic predisposition.T he affected area was relatively small, despite the high spreading score. [MKB. 2017;49(2)

Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most aggressive urinary tract cancer. More than one third of patients experience metastasis. Metastasis is responsible for 90% of cancer deaths compared to the primary tumor itself. Factors that play a role in the occurrence of metastasis are chemokine CXC receptors type 4 (CXCR4) and autocrine motility factor receptor (AMFR). This study aims to determine the relationship of CXCR4 and AMFR expression with metastasis in RCC. Methods: Case control research design was done to 44 Fixed Formalin Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) of RCC cases at the Department of Anatomical Pathology of Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia. FFPE samples consist of 22 cases of metastatic RCC and 22 cases of non-metastatic RCC. Immunohistochemical staining of CXCR4 and AMFR was performed to all samples. All data were analyzed using Chi-Square test with p value < 0.05 of significant level and then processed using SPSS 24.0 for Windows. Results: The result of this study shows a significantly different statistics of CXCR4 (p = 0.015) and AMFR (p = 0.014) expression between metastatic RCC and non-metastatic RCC. AMFR expression is the stronger factor that affects metastasis compared to CXCR4 expression ((Odds Ratio AMFR : OR CXCR4 = 4,911 : 4.667). Conclusions: This study concluded that the incidence of metastatic RCC is influenced by factors of tumor cell migration, chemotaxis, and survival. The higher the CXCR4 and AMFR expression, the higher the possibility of metastasis in RCC.

Background. Metaplastic breast carcinoma is a very rare breast cancer, only about 0.2"‘1% of all invasive breast carcinomas. The prognosis of these cancer is poor and aggressive, reported to have lower response rates to conventional adjuvant chemotherapy and a worse clinical outcome after chemotherapy than other forms triple"‘negative breast carcinomas. Histopathologically, metaplastic breast carcinoma has distinct patterns with different outcomes. Among the types of metaplastic carcinoma, squamous cell, high grade spindle cell and high grade adenosquamous carcinoma are associated with the worst prognosis. We report one case of metaplastic breast carcinoma with squamous differentiation in young patient. Methods. We examined the breast tumor tissue of a female patient, evaluated the macroscopic and microscopic features and asked the patient about the clinical course of the disease. Inform consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and accompanying images. Results. We reported a young female patient with final diagnosis of pathology Mixed Infiltrating Duct Carcinoma of No Special Type Grade 3 and Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma with Squamous Differentiation (30%) that has invaded fat tissue with Ductal Carcinoma Insitu of High Nuclear Grade 3 with basis of the operation is still positive for the tumor mass. Patients lost follow"‘up and did not continue therapy. Conclusion. Morphology of metaplastic breast carcinoma are important factors influencing patient outcome. Early diagnosis and wide local excision of the squamous"‘type metaplastic breast carcinoma mass can make a better prognosis.