Aim: To explore the relationship between oral health status of mothers and caries prevalence of caries among their children in rural areas of Pakistan. Methodology: This crossectional study was conducted in 9 rural health centers of Punjab, Pakistan. Purposive convenient sampling was used to collect data. Sample size was 500 mothers with their children. Results: Socioeconomic status of family as well as the purpose for the last visit at dental hospital for the treatment of child were found positively linked with the dmfs of child. Sample of children at very low socioeconomic status (OR: 2.16; 95%CI: 1.36-2.98). Children who visited dental hospital with the reason of having dental problems (OR: 1.89; 95%CI: 1.25-2.59). Greater dmfs score was found among children with poor oral hygiene (OR: 1.98; 95%CI: 1.27-3.25). The education of mother was found to be negatively linked with dmfs score of child. Conclusion: The relationship between maternal and dental caries in children was clearly explained by socioeconomic status or dental behaviors of mother and child in terms of intake of sugar, oral hygiene and reason for last dental visit for child. Keywords: Maternal oral health, dmfs, childhood carries

Introduction: In end-stage renal disease, there is a high incidence of secondary hyperparathyroidism. It is proposed that increasing vitamin C levels by dietary supplementation results in a decrease of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in vitamin C-deficient hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. The aim of this study was the evaluation of vitamin C administration for reduction of serum PTH level in hemodialysis patients.

Hypertension is a disease in itself and also a risk factor for many other chronic cardiac conditions which are heart attacks, stroke and other CVDs. Beetroot beta vulgaris is a natural root used as a vegetable, having many health potent benefits and nutraceutical cures, most prominent of them is lowering high blood pressure with the help of dietary nitrate in it.The present study was devised to analyze the beetroot powder hypotensive potential on hypertension. For this purpose characterization (proximate analysis, TPC and TFC) of beetroot powder was conducted as part of the study. And blood tests for sodium and potassium electrolytes were done before and after the study duration. Beetroot was obtained by the washing, peeling, and size-reduction, sun drying and grinding of beetroot. Results of proximate analysis of beetroot powder showed that beetroot powder contains 2.18% of protein, 70.42% of moisture, 8.25% of fiber, 5.06 % of ash, 4.00% of fat and 10.09% of nitrogen free extract. Flavonoid content of beetroot was measured at 478 nm and phenolic content showed absorbance at 67.65 nm. Human efficacy was carried out on 30 hypertensive females comprising of 3 groups each group contained 10 subjects, provided them with capsules of beet root powder for 60 days with different dosages G0 acted as a control group, G1 (250 mg) and G2(500 mg). Their Arterial systolic and diastolic blood pressure were monitored on weekly basis every 7th day for 6 weeks. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis for theevaluation of results which showed that 500 mg dose of beetroot powder was highly significant for hypertensive patients.