Background The present study investigated the effect of thiamine disulfide (TD) on the pancreas in terms of hyperglycemia improvement and insulin sensitivity increase in diabetic male rats. We also aimed to study the function of Pdx1 (pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1) and Glut2 (glucose transporter 2) genes in pancreatic tissue. Methods Type 1 diabetes was induced through injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). The diabetic rats were divided into four groups, namely diabetic control (DC), diabetic treated with thiamine disulfide (D-TD), diabetic treated with insulin (D-insulin), and diabetic treated with TD and insulin (D-insulin+TD). The non-diabetic (NDC) and diabetic groups received a normal diet (14 weeks). Blood glucose level and body weight were measured weekly; insulin tolerance test (ITT) and glucagon tolerance test (GTT) were performed in the last month of the study. The level of serum insulin and glucagon were measured monthly and a hyperglycemic clamp (Insulin Infusion rate (IIR)) was done for all the groups. Pancreas tissue was isolated so that Pdx1and Glut2 genes expression could be measured. Results We observed that TD therapy decreased blood glucose level, ITT, and serum glucagon levels in comparison with those of the DC group; it also increased serum insulin levels, IIR, and expression of Pdx1 and Glut2 genes in comparison with those of the DC group. Conclusion Administration of TD could improve hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetic animals through improved pancreas function. Therefore, not only does TD have a significant effect on controlling and reducing hyperglycemia in diabetes, but it also has the potential to decrease the dose of insulin administration.

Background The main activity of the skin is to create a protective barrier against damage. Loss of the skin due to injury or disease and failure to regenerate the affected area may result in disability, infection, or even death. We conducted the animal study to Evaluation of the effectiveness of nano-hydroxyapatite particles in wound healing. Method This animal study performed in Isfahan university of medical science animal lab. Experiments were performed on 30 Wistar in 5 groups. Biopsies 5×5mm were obtain of abdominal, and were transferred to the cell culture laboratory into the phosphate buffer saline (PBS). The cell proliferation was determined using the colorimetric MTS assay. The type and approach of this animal study is to create a deep skin wound and try to treat the wound with drug (nano_ hydroxyapatite 10%, nano_hydroxyapatite40%, combination of Nickle ion with nanohydroxyapatite 10%, and 40%) intervention on an animal model of rat. Macroscopic evaluation and pathological examination were done. For pathological and histological examination of the wound, sampling was done on the seventh and fourteenth days after ulcer induction. All continuous and categorical data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and frequency (percentage), respectively. Paired sample T-test and repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA), Chi-squared test was used. Results During this study, MTS assay was carried out to evaluate the proliferation of mice fibroblast on the gelatin without hydroxyapatite, and with 10, 40% hydroxyapatite after1, 2 and 3 days of culture. significant enhancement of cell proliferation was observed in nano HA 10, 40% and nano HA 10% with nickel in comparison when the cells seeded on gelatin and HA 10%. The best result was shown in 24 hours after seeding the cells in gelatin in comparison with 48, and 72 hours. Indeed, after 48 and 72 hours, the cell proliferation on gelatin decreased. In evaluation of Wound area with image j soft ward, the wound area between day 3,7 and 14 of treatment after wound induction there were no significant difference between groups. In microscopic study and analysis for evaluation and comparing wound length with the Michrome camera and Mosaic soft ward, there were no significant relation in time (p1 = 0.77). There is a difference is close to significant between the groups(p2 = 0.065). There was no significant difference between time and group(p3 = 0.323). In day 14 the wound length between groups had significant difference(p4 = 0.049). Conclusion In conclusion, hydroxyapatites and its combination with Nickle ion have significant effect on wound healing and cell proliferation.

Background: Aspiration pneumonia is among overdose complications, requiring timely appropriate treatment. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of ampicillin-sulbactam, compared to our usual regimen ceftriaxone + clindamycin on aspiration pneumonia in opioid-poisoned patients. Methods: In a randomized-controlled clinical trial, opioid-poisoned patients with aspiration pneumonia were randomly divided into the experimental and control groups to receive ampicillin-sulbactam 3 g Intravenously (IV) every 6 hours (experimental group) and ceftriaxone 1 g IV every 12 hours + clindamycin 600 mg IV every 8 hours (control group) followed by co-amoxiclav 625 mg orally every 8 hours and cefixime 400 mg once daily + clindamycin 600 mg orally every 8 hours in experimental and control groups, respectively, to complete a 7-day course of therapy. White blood cell count and temperature (axillary) at baseline and the third day of the intervention and the treatment outcome on the third day of the intervention, defined as either complete response, partial response, or failure, were evaluated and recorded for all patients. Results: Except for the number of cases of leukocytosis on the third day of the intervention, i.e., lower in the control group (5 patients, 26.30%) than the experimental group (13 patients, 68.40%) (P=0.020), no significant difference was observed between the study groups regarding other outcome variables. Clinical response was similar between the study groups; so that, 10.50% and 63.20% of patients in the experimental group and 21.10% and 47.4% of patients in the control group presented complete and partial responses, respectively (P=0.550). Conclusion: The obtained data suggested that ampicillin-sulbactam is an effective antibiotic for the treatment of aspiration pneumonia in patients with opioid overdose, in which case, it has the same efficacy as the two-drug regimen of ceftriaxone + clindamycin.

Background: Migraine is a common neurological disorder associated with periodical disability and impaired quality of life. Recent large epidemiological studies have shown high levels of concurrency between fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) and migraine. Objectives: Due to the possible relationship between migraine and FMS, we aimed to measure the effect of FMS on the severity of migraine without aura (MWO). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 80 patients with MWO who were referred to Isfahan Al-Zahra Clinic of Neurology. To monitor the patients, the researcher asked them to complete the demographic data and questionnaires, including FSQ-P for diagnosis FMS, HIT-6 for the severity of migraine headache, and MSQ for measuring the quality of life, with their written consent. Results: Of 80 patients with MWO, 22.5% suffered from FMS. Based on our study, elderly patients with MWO were more likely to be affected by FMS. Additionally, the average quality of life score in the migraineurs with FMS was significantly lower than the migraineurs without FMS. According to our findings, the severity of migraine was not significantly different between patients with and without FMS. In addition, age (OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 1.006-1.2, P < 0.001] and quality of life (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.002 - 1.07, P = 0.04) were the predictive factors for FMS in patients suffering from migraine. Conclusions: The findings of this study may support that the presence of FMS had no effect on the severity of migraine; however, further studies are needed to clarify this claim.