The article is devoted to issues of the banking system of Ukraine. In modern conditions regarding the functioning and development of banking in the country, the creation of the credit policy of Ukraine occupies an important place. If the bank's credit policy is effective, then the banking risk is reduced and the bank's profit increases, even in crisis conditions of economic development. To assess credit policy, such categories as: credit portfolio, amount of non-performing loans and compliance with NBU regulations were analyzed. The dynamics of the entire amount of loans issued was studied, as well as the structure of the credit portfolio of the banking sector of Ukraine by type of borrower during 2018-2022 was analyzed. The causes of credit risk were analyzed, this stage is important, because it helps to identify ways to overcome threats to a specific institution or in general system, and also minimizes the likelihood of risks. In the course of the research, the issue of non-performing loans was considered, this is an integral category of the bank lending process. A low-quality loan portfolio is characterized by a high proportion of non- performing loans, which is negative and requires immediate reduction. Control of their value allows to prevent serious problems of the bank's financial condition, contributes to improving the stability of both a specific institution and the banking system in general. In addition, the amount of reserves for outstanding liabilities was analyzed, the amount of reserved funds characterizes the credit risk management process. When implementing credit activities, it is important to comply with the economic standards of the National Bank of Ukraine, which provide an opportunity to analyze the accepted credit risk from a different perspective. That is why the dynamics of these indicators during 2018-2022 were considered, where special attention was paid to the group of credit risk indicators.

The shifts that took place at the beginning of the 21st century in the global financial space have clearly demonstrated the great importance of monetary policy to ensure effective economic development. This is why successful international experience in the field of monetary policy implementation is of scientific interest in order to use it in national practice. The article analyzes the current practice of monetary policy in different countries on the example of the discount rate level. Chiefly the discount rate of such countries as the Republic of Belarus, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Poland, Hungary, the Kingdom of Norway, the Republic of Bulgaria, Germany, the Czech Republic and Canada is studied for the last 10 years. The article also examines the relationship between changes in the discount rate and the dynamics of loans in Germany, the Czech Republic and Canada. In addition, the dynamics of the discount rate is compared with the dynamics of inflation in the Czech Republic and Canada. As a result, the analysis has revealed that because of the coronavirus crisis, the central banks of almost all the surveyed countries lowered the discount rate level several times to support the national financial system and economy as a whole. Equilibrium in the banking system forms the basis to create general economic equilibrium, and this is primarily achieved by predictable, appropriate and effective instruments of the state’s monetary policy. Note that based on the processing statistics, it has been found that the stable level of the discount rate is typical for the Republic of Bulgaria and Germany. Thus, these countries have the least number of changes (one change) in the discount rate level from 2015 to 2020. In turn, Canada is characterized be a particularly frequent change in the discount rate level and ambiguous dynamics of lending. To sum up, forecasts of the level and dynamics of the discount rate in the studied countries for the near future are briefly highlighted.

Effective business is the foundation of every country's economy. One of the most important tasks of enterprises in modern market conditions is to obtain positive financial results (profits), as the value of this indicator is an indicator of the effectiveness of business models and value formation processes. Making a profit provides financial opportunities for business development, contributes to the creation of new jobs, improving the quality of goods and services, increasing the competitiveness of products in national and international markets. Therefore, the formation of a positive financial result is important not only for business owners but also for other participants in market relations. The article examines the dynamics of the net financial result (balance) of Ukrainian enterprises, both in terms of total and by individual types of economic activity during 2010-2021, identified activities with the highest and lowest volumes of net profit, found that during 2013 -2019, domestic enterprises of industry, wholesale and retail trade, transport, warehousing, postal and courier activities developed steadily and increased their profits, the main causes and consequences of the results were revealed. In order to more objectively assess the financial results of enterprises and reduce the impact of inflation, analyzed the value of operating profitability by type of economic activity, assessed the dynamics and identified activities with the highest level of profitability, identified the composition of Ukrainian industries characterized by chronic losses. The study found that the profitability of national enterprises is characterized by dynamism and sensitivity to many factors, including the political and economic crisis of 2014-2015, the annexation by the Russian Federation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the war in Donbass, low purchasing power, relative monetary instability units, rather unfavorable investment climate, etc., special attention is focused on analyzing the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the economy of Ukraine through the prism of enterprise profitability. It is established that during 2020, due to the negative impact of quarantine restrictions caused by the pandemic, Ukrainian enterprises received twice less than the total profit compared to the previous 2019. However, in the first half of 2021, net profits increased significantly and amounted to UAH 384,920 million, which is 21% more than in the whole of 2020. That is, Ukrainian enterprises began to adapt to new operating conditions and it was possible to predict the further development and improvement of their performance. However, the Russian aggression in February 2022 and hostilities led to the leveling of positive trends in the dynamics of financial performance of enterprises in our country.

Capital investment plays an important role in ensuring sustainable economic growth. After all, they are a fundamental parameter of the reproduction process, which determines the possibilities of sustainable and long-term economic and social development of the country. The article is devoted to the analysis of the essence and main trends of capital investments in Ukraine, which play an important role in the development of Ukrainian enterprises, individual industries and the economy as a whole. The investment process occupies a leading place in the reproduction of the social product. The article analyzes capital investments by types of assets, considers their dynamics, in the course of this study it was found that more than 95% of capital investments are tangible assets. That is why special attention was paid to the study of capital investment in tangible assets. It is revealed what factors and phenomena influence the volume of capital investments in different types of assets, the tendencies of changes are analyzed. According to the results of the analysis, it was determined that the dynamics during 2010-2019 was positive, but the volume of capital investment is insufficient to ensure the normal development of economic processes. An analysis of the issue of sources of financing of capital investments was carried out, as a result of which it was found that the main source of financing of capital investments is the own funds of enterprises and organizations, and the share of all domestic investments is over 97%. This phenomenon is negative and indicates the reluctance of foreign investors to pursue investment policy in Ukraine, the reasons for this are also disclosed in the article, as well as proposed measures that will improve investment attractiveness. The volume of capital investments from the state (funds of the state and local budgets) has been changed, and the factors that influenced these changes have been considered. It also looked at how capital investment has changed in 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic, and which industries have suffered the most from underfunding. The article makes assumptions about the time required to return to the volume of capital investment at the level of 2019.

Unemployment is an economic phenomenon that is inherent in the economy of each country. The negative aspects of this phenomenon are manifested when the unemployment rate in the country exceeds the natural level, the latter is defined within 3-5%. Exceeding the allowable value causes the loss of potential GDP, which has a negative impact on all financial and economic processes, their development is slower. Since Ukraine's independence, the unemployment rate has always exceeded the norm. The article provides a detailed analysis of the financial impact of macro-level indicators on the unemployment rate in Ukraine during 2010-2021. The dynamics of the unemployment rate is analyzed, a number of factors and events that caused the growth of unemployment in specific periods are identified. The article studies in detail the dynamics of real GDP and the consumer price index, as well as their impact on the level of the studied indicator. The dynamics of the minimum wage was compared with the dynamics of the unemployment rate and their interdependence was analyzed. Since Ukraine is quite a large country and its regions differ significantly in socio- economic development, it is very important for the study to compare the average wage and unemployment in different areas. It was found that the lowest average wage over the past decade is typical for the Ternopil region, and the largest value of this indicator are industrial giants, that is Kyiv and Dnipropetrovsk regions. Unemployment is also affected by the number of businesses, as they create jobs and are able to ensure the development of the economy as a whole. As a result, measures were proposed that can positively affect the level of unemployment in Ukraine, that is reduce it, and contribute to the development of the national economy in the coming periods.