An exhaustive compilation of biologically active libraries covering the years 1992-1997 was presented in a previous review [1a]. In that review, libraries were divided among 4 major categories, including those active against proteases, non-proteolytic enzymes, Gprotein coupled receptors, and non-G-protein coupled receptors. A generic structure for each library was provided as well as the structure of the most active member. The number of biologically active libraries reported in the literature during this time period (86 total) represents <25% of the total number of published library constructs. Disclosure of library synthesis without accompanying screening data is a more common occurrence. Because these types of libraries are equally important to the practicing combinatorial chemist, it was thought that a comprehensive listing of such libraries spanning the years 1992-1997 would be a useful supplement to the previous review [1a,b].Library constructs [2-248] listed herein are relegated to one of five tables. Table 1 is entitled 'Scaffold derivatization' and includes all constructs in which a multi-functional scaffold is modified in some fashion to create a library. An example of a construct found in Table 1 would be the sequential addition of three nucleophiles to trichloropyrimidine. Table 2, entitled 'Acyclic synthesis', lists all linear constructs such as those derived from multi-component Ugi condensations.

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Mutations in the mitochondrial fusion protein mitofusin (MFN) 2 cause the chronic neurodegenerative condition Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A (CMT2A), for which there is currently no treatment. Small-molecule activators of MFN1 and MFN2 enhance mitochondrial fusion and offer promise as therapy for this condition, but prototype compounds have poor pharmacokinetic properties. Herein, we describe a rational design of a series of 6-phenylhexanamide derivatives whose pharmacokinetic optimization yielded a 4-hydroxycyclohexyl analogue, 13, with the potency, selectivity, and oral bioavailability of a preclinical candidate. Studies of 13 cis- and trans-4-hydroxycyclohexyl isostereomers unexpectedly revealed functionality and protein engagement exclusively for the trans form, 13B. Preclinical absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) and in vivo target engagement studies of 13B support further development of 6-phenylhexanamide derivatives as therapeutic agents for human CMT2A.

Mediation of antinociception via opioid receptors located in the periphery is a viable strategy to produce analgesia without the occurrence of side effects associated with stimulation of opioid receptors located in the central nervous system. Peripheral opioid receptors are particularly important in inflammatory pain states and in the responses to pruritogenic stimuli, and have been implicated in the transmission of visceral pain. Medicinal chemistry approaches to achieve peripheralization of opioid agonists have started with a centrally acting opioid agonist as a template, and introduced features of lipophilicity, hydrophilicity, or combined lipophilicity and hydrophilicity to achieve amphiphilicity. Quaternarization of centrally acting opioid agonists or identification of compounds that serve as substrates for the mdr transporter to achieve transport out of the brain has also been employed. The in vivo assays used to identify peripherally selective compounds have measured a variety of behavioral and pharmacokinetic endpoints, with varying degrees of predictability. This review focuses on a discussion of these methods, as well as a review of those compounds where sufficient data exist to support a claim of peripheralization in vivo.