Аннотация. Введение. Статья посвящена исследованию женских причесок и накосных украшений тувинцев, выявлению их типологии и особенностей. Украшения как компонент материальной и одновременно духовной культуры народа в целом ряде своих элементов-материале, технологии изготовления, художественном оформлении, сюжетах и символике, терминологии и в мировоззренческих представлениях-устойчиво сохраняют ценные сведения историко-этнографического характера и свое семантическое значение. Целью статьи является исследование традиционных типов причесок и полагающихся к ним накосных украшений тувинцев в историко-этнографическом аспекте, что позволит выявить данные, касающиеся как древнейших верований и культов, обычаев и обрядов тувинцев, так и проблем этногенетических и этнокультурных связей между народами Центральной Азии. До настоящего времени задача составления типологии и выявления этнокультурных параллелей в культуре традиционных причесок и украшений народов Центральной Азии не ставилась, либо вопросы, связанные с этой темой, рассматривались фрагментарно, частично. Малоизученность проблемы и возросший интерес в условиях глобализации к культуре тувинского этноса обусловили актуальность предпринимаемого исследования. В статье использованы современные междисциплинарные методы и реализован комплексный подход. Результаты: обобщены результаты этнографических исследований и анализа полевых и архивных материалов по составлению и типологизации женских причесок и накосных украшений тувинцев с конца XIX по XXI в., а также освещены некоторые элементы обрядовой практики и особенности украшений. Показано, что в традициях субэтнических групп и районов Тувы имелись особенности, которые отличали их от других. Вместе с тем можно выявить семь основных типов причесок девочки и женщины, которые являлись маркерами возрастных групп. Накосные украшения также отли-Published in the Russian Federation Oriental Studies (Previous Name: Bulletin of the Kalmyk Institute for Humanities of the Russian Academy of Sciences) Has been issued as a journal since 2008
Introduction. The article examines the women’s shoulder garment edektig ton from historical and ethnographic perspectives. The mutual dependence between material and spiritual cultures results in that edektig ton — via a number of its elements, such as textiles and manufacturing technology, design patterns, ornaments and symbols, terminology and worldview beliefs — consistently preserves valuable data and meanings pertaining to history and ethnography. Goals. The study attempts a historical/ethnographic insight into the women’s shoulder garment edektig ton to identify its peculiarities, semiotics and differences typical for various Tuvan clans, including to understand why it is sometimes referred to as ‘terlik ton’ (lit. ‘luxurious ton’), or ‘derlig ton’ (lit. ‘sweaty ton’) across Tuvan tribal groups. The fact the issue remains understudied and young Tuvans show an increased interest in their material culture make the study relevant and timely enough. Results. The article analyzes a set of historical and ethnographic materials dealing with edektig ton, namely: writings by researchers of Tuva, museum items and field data, including ones collected during the expedition for comprehensive ethnogenetic and linguoanthropological research into Tuva’s tribal groups conducted from 27 September to 15 October 2022 with the financial support from Russian Science Foundation. The paper reveals additional names for this Tuvan women’s garment may vary, traces a genesis of the latter’s details, identifies one of its previous forms — ibchi ton — which is similar enough to Khakass patterns. Conclusions. The article delineates ethnogenetic and ethnocultural ties between edektig ton of Tuvans and clothes of other ethnic groups, and introduces some peculiarities of its terminology.
Introduction. The article aims to study key types of Tuvan women’s wedding headdresses as signs associated with certain stages of the wedding ritual. Materials and methods. The research is mostly based on pre-revolutionary historical and ethnographic materials from the Aldan-Maadyr National Museum of Tuva and the authors’ field data. The method of historicism employed for the analysis proves helpful in capturing the elements of culture in dynamics. The work also uses the comparative typological and field research methods that are traditional enough for ethnography studies. Results. The paper analyzes historical, ethnographic, and folklore materials to reveal the semantics of the Tuvan traditional wedding ritual and identify symbolism of wedding headdresses and their semiotics, materials used for their manufacture and decoration, local variants in terms of pragmatism and specific characteristics. Conclusions. The research indicates that despite some differences in several parameters (presence or absence of a particular rite or its functional significance), the traditional wedding ritual across different territories of Tuva is characterized by commonality of their basic structural and typological components, including matchmaking (Tuv. kudalaashkin and kudalai koor), bride show (dugdeeshkin), and wedding proper (kuda-doi). Accordingly, wedding clothes from different districts of Tuva have common ritual elements along with some specific local peculiarities. So, the paper focuses on key types of headdresses once used in wedding rites.
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