The fight against corruption is one of the essential tasks of each state, requiring conceptual, complex legal, organisational, educational, and social measures. The Article aims to assess the impact of the anti-corruption management system operating on the basis of the ISO 37001:2016 standard as an international instrument on national segments: corruption resistance models developed by Lithuanian state-owned enterprises. The National Anti-Corruption Programme 2015-2025 aims to reduce the extent of corruption and increase transparency in the public and private sectors, it also strives for Lithuania to score at least 70 points on the Corruption Perceptions Index 2025. Ambitiously working towards even greater progress in creating a corruption-resistant environment, Lithuania adopted a new Law on Prevention of Corruption (hereinafter � the LPC), obliging companies and organisations to step up their anti-corruption measures, increasingly and systematically focusing on employee reliability, implementation of targeted preventive measures, and raising awareness. The study analysed the role of the anti-corruption management system in creating a corruption-resistant environment and the positive impact thereof on increasing transparency of the largest Lithuanian state-owned company1 AB Lietuvos Gelezinkeliai (hereinafter � LTG group of companies), the shareholder of which is the Lithuanian state. Due to the geopolitical situation, the group of companies has to expand its activities to the West; therefore, the anti-corruption management system will also help it adapt to the change. The implementation of the anti-corruption management system allows the organisation to conceptually meet the highest transparency standards through four main dimensions: the systematic nature of the measures to be applied; increasing involvement and maturity of human resources; reputational unity and trustbased relationship with the public and business partners; ability to meet the expectations of the state as a shareholder. Having chosen the LTG group of companies as the largest state-owned enterprise, the Article aims to assess the role of its corruption-resistant environment and the impact thereof on the group�s activities. The LTG group of companies adheres to the zerotolerance approach to corruption, meaning that it does not tolerate any form of corruption and takes targeted preventive measures to curb the manifestations of corruption. The group implements all corruption prevention measures in compliance with the legal acts and considers the prevailing practices. The group is currently implementing an anti-corruption management system based on the international standard ISO 37001:2016 Anti-Bribery Management Systems � Requirements with Guidance for Use. The research aims to assess the role of the anti-corruption management system in creating a corruption-resistant environment in some state-owned enterprises. To realise the aim, the authors of the paper set two key objectives: 1. To analyse the main goals and features of the anti-corruption management system. 2. To overview the main anti-corruption measures implemented in some stateowned enterprises

Many may have considered the witness�s role in the court�s function of administering justice as delegated by many national constitutions. Why is a witness important to the court and the participants in the proceedings? Must the witness be summoned to appear in court? What rights and obligations does a witness have? The public has these and many other questions when discussing this actor. When a person�s rights or legally protected interests are violated, he or she has the right to seek redress via courts. This is possible only if the legally relevant facts of the case are established correctly. The parties have to substantiate them with evidence, which determine the outcome of the case. Failure to meet the burden of proof, or failure to meet it properly, may lead to adverse consequences for the person providing evidence; the court may declare that the relevant facts to be proved have not been proven. A committed criminal offence leaves certain traces in the physical environment (objects, documents), and those who observed or were otherwise involved in the offence may remember certain details and talk about them. During criminal proceedings, people able to testify about the offence are questioned while material objects are subject to examination. In a criminal case, the court�s decision (judgement) is based on the data obtained during interviews, examinations, and investigations, known as evidence. Evidence allows for a conclusion that a particular offence has been committed by a particular person or persons. This article examines additional criteria for evaluating the reliability of testimonies given by certain groups of witnesses, which are not laid down in the Lithuanian Code of Criminal Procedure but formulated by case law. Case law identifies the following groups of witnesses whose reliability calls for a more careful (rigorous) evaluation: Witnesses whose credibility calls for a more careful (rigorous) evaluation due to their personal characteristics; witnesses whose credibility calls for a more careful (rigorous) evaluation due to their procedural status. The evaluation of testimonies by these witnesses involves additional procedures (e.g., the use of technical means, acoustic and/or visual barriers, etc.), which provide for a more reliable testimony. It is equally important to ensure that the defence is given adequate opportunities to exercise its procedural functions, and to ensure that basing the judgement on the testimonies provided by witnesses subject to a more rigorous evaluation of the reliability is, to a decisive extent, a measure of last resort rather than the rule.

The process of organization and functionality of one of the most important attributes of any modern democratic legal state, i.e. the state power, is based on certain principles. The principle of separation of powers is universally acknowledged as such a fundamental principle, thus it is generally established in the constitutions of democratic states. Upon restoration of Independence1 the state power in the Republic of Lithuania is also implemented based on the doctrine of separation of powers. Particularly increased interest in this phenomenon was determined by transition to new grounds for organization of the state power in Lithuania since 11 March 1990. Furthermore, the relevance of this issue was also determined by the lack of clear enough regulation of the principle of separation of powers in the Constitution of Republic of Lithuania. The research starts with the topic of legal indetermination of the principle of separation of powers, brief review of the historical aspect (development) thereof as well as revelation of the essence and the meaning of this principle. The Article analyses which Article (Paragraph thereof) of the Constitution of Republic of Lithuania regulates the aforementioned principle based on the doctrine of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania and work done by scholars of the constitutional law. In absence of clear differentiation of authorities implementing state power by branches in the Constitution, the necessity to determine the relation between the highest-ranking authorities implementing the state power (the Parliament (Lithuanian: Seimas)), the President of the Republic and the Government, Court) and the respective type of the state power becomes relevant. In general, the aim of this Article is to reveal the essence of the doctrine of separation of powers, to discuss regulation thereof by the fundamental state law of Lithuania, and to identify the state authorities representing certain branches of the state power. The conclusions of the conducted research are presented at the end of the Article.

With a view to modernising state management in the last decade, Lithuania has focused mainly on observing the experience of how foreign countries have handled state management and the development of the self-government system. Lithuania did not gain experience in self-government due to historical circumstances, and it has been a problematic transition, so efforts were made to learn from countries with many years of experience in the self-government, although the process has been challenging The municipal administration of each country has the task of implementing the functions delegated in laws and supporting the decisions of municipal politicians in order to establish and maintain ongoing public services. The municipal administration can achieve its goals by establishing efficient structural departments with clearly defined functions, decision-making, accountability and control mechanisms. The article features a good practice of Lithuania � the analysis of municipal administrations by proving that the municipal system is the best system for representative and executive municipal institutions to properly perform municipal functions established by law and where the staff of such municipal administration can ensure the performance of these functions. Citizens of each country take an interest in the political and administrative space where important decisions that affect their daily lives are made. The decisions made in municipalities directly affects the provision of public services to municipal residents, so the influence of these decisions is analysed in more detail than anywhere else in municipalities The aim of the article on the analysis of Lithuania�s municipal administrations� system is to analyse peculiarities of municipal administrations� structure, legal framework; to assess the quality of internal administration; and to provide suggestions for improving the legal framework in order to ensure optimal quality of activities of municipal administrations. In order to achieve the aim, the article is divided into theoretical and analytical parts, and provides conclusions and suggestions. The theoretical part analyses what is the organizational structure of the municipality and what should it be; examines the types of organizational structure, the degree of centralization/decentralization and its impact on organisational structure, while assessing management standard and its �height�, along with other legal regulation and administration issues. The analytical part of the article specifically investigates the municipal administrations of Lithuania chosen according to relevant criteria, identifying both positive and negative (to be corrected) legal regulation and administration areas. Recommendations are provided, based on theoretical and analytical parts, and with consideration of the responses from respondents obtained during surveys, in order to ensure the implementation of objectives set out in this article.