Background: Emergency departments (ED) serve as a contact point for critically ill patients. According to experience, a fraction of patients visiting ED present with symptoms and require palliative care; however, the prevalence of these patients has not been determined in Peru so far. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of advanced disease in patients admitted to ED and identify among them the need for palliative care. Patients and methods: In the ED of 3 tertiary hospitals in Lima all adult patients had an evaluation of the medical history and an interview with patients or caregivers. The presence of multiple metastases was considered advanced cancer, and dementia, neurological, respiratory, hepatic or cardiac disease with functional dependence or severe deterioration for non-oncological illness. The screening tool was a validated and adapted palliative care questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of advanced illness was 7.5% (60 of 797 admissions). The age of patients was 19-96 (median 73.1) years of which 48.3% were females, 23 (39%) patients had oncological and 37 (61%) patients non-oncological diagnoses. The most frequent symptoms upon admission were dyspnoea, drowsiness, and pain. A total of 13 (21.7%) of patients with advanced disease were already receiving palliative care and 8 (13.3%) had controlled symptoms. Conclusions: Nearly 1 in 13 patients attending ED of tertiary hospitals has advanced disease, of which 80% reported the need for palliative care with less than a quarter of them having received it.
ResumenIntroducción: El síndrome confusional agudo es un problema frecuente en el adulto mayor, incrementado por patologías agudas. Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia del síndrome confusional agudo en adultos mayores no críticos hospitalizados en un servicio de emergencia e identificar factores asociados. Diseño: Estudio transversal. Lugar: Servicio de Emergencia del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Perú. Participantes: Pacientes de 60 años o más. Intervenciones: Siguiendo normas de buenas prácticas clínicas, se entrevistó entre mayo y agosto 2010 a paciente/cuidador de 172 pacientes de 60 años o más, hospitalizados en salas de emergencia; se revisó la historia clínica. Principales medidas de resultados: Detectar síndrome confusional agudo mediante el Confussion Assessment Method. Resultados: La frecuencia de síndrome confusional agudo fue 34,9%, según categoría de adulto mayor: enfermo 6%, frágil 28%, complejo 58% (p<0,001). Se encontró antecedente de demencia en 30% de pacientes con síndrome confusional, deterioro cognitivo previo en 45%, síndrome confusional previo en 40,2%, dependencia funcional parcial 46% y total 39%, deterioro cognitivo moderado 27% y severo 40%. El 41,7% de pacientes con síndrome confusional presentó deshidratación moderadasevera (p=0,001) y 20% sepsis, como diagnósticos de ingreso (p=0,003). Las patologías de ingreso más frecuentes fueron infecciosas, cardiovasculares y metabólicas. No se encontró diferencia significativa en sexo, grado de instrucción, estado civil, pluripatología, hospitalización previa, polifarmacia, estado nutricional, presencia de sonda urinaria o nasogástrica, destino al egreso de emergencia ni estancia hospitalaria. Conclusiones: Existe alta frecuencia de síndrome confusional agudo en adultos mayores hospitalizados en servicios de emergencia, siendo factores asociados la demencia, deterioro cognitivo previo, confusión previa, dependencia funcional, categoría geriátrico complejo, deshidratación moderada-severa y sepsis. Palabras clave: Adulto mayor hospitalizado, síndrome confusional agudo. Abstract Introduction: Acute confusional state is a frequent problem in the elderly and is increased by acute pathologies. Objectives: To determine the frequency of acute confusional state in non-critical elderly emergency service inpatients and to identify associated factors. Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Emergency Unit, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Peru. Participants: Sixty-year-old or older patients hospitalized in an emergency unit. Interventions: Between May and August 2010 and according to procedures of good clinical practices, 172 60-year-old or older patients hospitalized in an emergency unit or their caregivers were interviewed and clinical records were reviewed. Main outcome measures: Acute confusional state detection with the Confusion Assessment Method. Results: The frequency of acute confusional state according to category of elderly was 34.9%: ill 6%, fragile 28% and complex 58% (p <0,001). There was history of d...
Paciente mujer de 86 años, hipertensa que ingresa a emergencia por dolor torácico, disnea, hipotensión y bradicardia con cuadro confusional. El electrocardiograma y el laboratorio es compatible con infarto agudo de miocardio no Q, encontrándose en la ecovisión una fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda de 20% con derrame pericárdico y masa hiperecogénica compatible con coágulo. El diagnóstico planteado fue estado de bajo gasto cardiaco porinfarto de miocardio no Q evolutivo con rotura miocárdica. La paciente requirió intubación endotraqueal y ventilación mecánica, evolucionó con paro cardiaco y fue reanimada sin éxito. Se discute el diagnóstico y manejo oportunos de la rotura cardiaca como una complicación mecánica del infarto agudo miocárdico.
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