Cationic surfactants have a positively charged nitrogen atom and at least one hydrophobic, long-chain substitucnt in the molecule. Because of their fabric-softening and antistatic properties, they are used as active materials in fabric-softening agents. Suitable cationic surfactants are mostly quaternary ammonium salts, and to a lesser extent, imidazolinium salts with two long hydrophobic alkyl chains. Alkylated, partly cthoxylated polyamincs, amine amities, ester amines and di-quaternary compounds also have recently been used or proposed. Fabric softeners generally are aqueous dispersions of distearyl dimcthyl ammonium chloride or tallow alkylated inaidazolinium derivatives in concentrations of 1-9%. Concentrated fabric softeners have recently been pushed into the market as double, triple or 10-fold concentrates. Fabric softeners used in the forms of aerosol sprays, pads or sheets, are not used in the washing machine but can be used in the laundry dryer. The combination of laundry detergent and fabric softener is a single product is impaired by anionic surfactants normally contained in laundry detergents because they react with thc cationics to form neutral salts. With the so-called soft detergents, one attempts to circumvent these difficulties by means of special formulations, e.g.. with nonionics or by using definite physical-chemical mechanisms. They represent a compromise with regard to detergency performance and softening effect. Why is Conditioning of Textiles Necessary as anAccompanying Treatment after Washing? Special properties are imparted to textiles by finishing and R\~/cH3 Q N X R / N CH 3 R = C16/C18 X = Cl or CH3-O-SO 3 FIG. 2. Distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG:Es werden Polysaccharide aus Disacchariden (Maltose, Cellobiose, Lactose) synthetisiert analog dem Verfahren, wie es fiir Monosaccharide angewandt wurdel). Die Durchschnittsmolekulargewichte werden in der Ultrazentrifuge bestimmt. Aus den Ergebaissen der Methylierung und der Oxydation mit Perjodsaure ergibt sich eine stark verzweigte Struktur. SUMMARY:Polysaccharides are synthesized from disaccharides (maltose, cellobiose, lactose) by a process analogous to that employed for monosaccharides. The average molecular weights are determined by ultracentrifuge. The results of methylation and oxidation by periodic acid display a considerably branched structure.

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