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The article deals with topical issues regarding the peculiarities of building a long-term training process for short-distance running, taking into account all stages of long-term preparation. An analysis of the latest research and publications related to the training of athletes specializing in shortdistance running and the specifics of their training at various stages of long-term improvement was made. The article reveals the important essence of the interrelationship of all stages of long-term preparation of athletes. The main goal of the work is to study the structure of the long-term training of young sprinters, and the task is to substantiate the structure of the long-term preparation of beginner sprinters. As a result of the study, a number of questions were clarified that contribute to the effective construction of training for sprinters in the process of long-term preparation. The structure of longterm preparation of sprinters was studied, the analysis of structural elements was made. The longterm system was considered as a set of independent and at the same time interconnected stages of athlete preparation. The regularities on which the formation of sportsmanship in sprint running is based on the process of long-term training have been studied. The factors that will determine the effectiveness of competitive activity, the optimal structure of its preparation, the peculiarities of adaptation to the applied pedagogical tools and methods, their influence on the individual characteristics of athletes, the timing of preparation and the achievement of maximum results according to the age of athletes and the stage of long-term training, etc. have been identified. The importance of observing age parameters and their correspondence to the stages of long-term training, the use of model parameters of sprinters of various sports qualifications at the initial stage of training were studied.