The article deals with topical issues regarding the peculiarities of building a long-term training process for short-distance running, taking into account all stages of long-term preparation. An analysis of the latest research and publications related to the training of athletes specializing in shortdistance running and the specifics of their training at various stages of long-term improvement was made. The article reveals the important essence of the interrelationship of all stages of long-term preparation of athletes. The main goal of the work is to study the structure of the long-term training of young sprinters, and the task is to substantiate the structure of the long-term preparation of beginner sprinters. As a result of the study, a number of questions were clarified that contribute to the effective construction of training for sprinters in the process of long-term preparation. The structure of longterm preparation of sprinters was studied, the analysis of structural elements was made. The longterm system was considered as a set of independent and at the same time interconnected stages of athlete preparation. The regularities on which the formation of sportsmanship in sprint running is based on the process of long-term training have been studied. The factors that will determine the effectiveness of competitive activity, the optimal structure of its preparation, the peculiarities of adaptation to the applied pedagogical tools and methods, their influence on the individual characteristics of athletes, the timing of preparation and the achievement of maximum results according to the age of athletes and the stage of long-term training, etc. have been identified. The importance of observing age parameters and their correspondence to the stages of long-term training, the use of model parameters of sprinters of various sports qualifications at the initial stage of training were studied.

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The article is devoted to insufficiently researched issues on the training of cross-country racers at the stage of initial training. Making mistakes in the practical activities of the coach at the initial stage of training novice athletes leads to a delay in sports improvement at the subsequent stages of sports training. This article analyzes the structure of training of cyclists at the stage of initial training. The focus of training loads and their dynamics in the process of long-term training of athletes-cyclists specializing in cross-country are considered. The analysis of the study of the training of athletes – cyclists in the process of many years of training showed that today the main goal of training in this direction is the physical improvement of the student's body, health promotion, the development of various physical, psychological and volitional qualities. Thus, the so-called «foundation» for further sports improvement of sports skills is laid for the future. The article experimentally substantiates the optimal parameters of training loads and indicators of their readiness at the stage of initial training in the annual cycle of training cyclists. A comparative analysis of the use of training load in the control and experimental groups is disclosed. The increase in physical qualities over the period of the experiment was revealed. The parameters of training work at the stage of initial training in group A were only 423 hours, including theoretical training – 17 hours, general physical training – 164 hours, special physical training – 184 hours, technical training – 59, control standards 4 times a year, competitions – 6 hours. The parameters of training work in group B per year were only 456 hours, including theoretical training – 11 hours, general physical training – 183 hours, special physical training – 182 hours, technical training – 80, control standards 2-3 times a year, competitions – 10 hours.

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