Water is a natural and vital resource for all living beings. However, as everything in the capitalist production system is marketable, water is no exception to the rule and becomes inappropriately appropriated and, for the poorer classes, it has restricted use. In Brazil, there are multiple uses and conflicts of water, especially in regions with greater socioeconomic inequalities and climate implications, which reverberate in water scarcity, such as the Brazilian Northeast. In this sense, the present work aims to analyze the uses and conflicts of water in Brazil from the nature-society relationship and the repercussions of the capitalist mode of production through the unequal and market distribution of water, in addition to addressing the issue of water from integrated way, bringing human actions to the debate, as well as observing the correlation of water scarcity in the northeastern sertão region and whether this determines the access to water of the poor populations that live there. From this perspective, the procedures proposed for data collection and obtaining results were through bibliographic research. In the bibliographic research, authors such as: Ribeiro (2008), Júnior and Barros (2020), Machado and Torres (2012), Ferreira (2019), Silva (2016), among others who contributed to the theoretical basis were used.

Water is a natural and vital resource for all living beings. However, as everything in the capitalistproduction system is marketable, water is no exception to the rule and becomes inappropriatelyappropriated and, for the poorer classes, it has restricted use. In Brazil, there are multiple uses andconflicts of water, especially in regions with greater socioeconomic inequalities and climateimplications, which reverberate in water scarcity, such as the Brazilian Northeast. In this sense,the present work aims to analyze the uses and conflicts of water in Brazil from the nature-societyrelationship and the repercussions of the capitalist mode of production through the unequal andmarket distribution of water, in addition to addressing the issue of water from integrated way,bringing human actions to the debate, as well as observing the correlation of water scarcity in thenortheastern sertão region and whether this determines the access to water of the poor populationsthat live there. From this perspective, the procedures proposed for data collection and obtainingresults were through bibliographic research. In the bibliographic research, authors such as:Ribeiro (2008), Júnior and Barros (2020), Machado and Torres (2012), Ferreira (2019), Silva(2016), among others who contributed to the theoretical basis were used.

Water is very vital to all living beings, whether on a small or large scale, all species need and use it. In places where there is a shortage of water, the population, animals and the economy are compromised. Since the territorial formation of Sergipe, the coast was the first place of interest for the colonizers, and the hinterland was occupied much later with the interiorization. The low rainfall made this climatic zone a hostile place, in which the economic base was only focused on cattle production. However, the evolution of the forms of space appropriation, led man to develop forms of irrigation, such as the one that occurs in the Alto Sertão Sergipano. This practice conditioned the idea that “the sertão will turn into sea”, popularized in the song Sobradinho (1999) by Trio Nordestino, because what was utopia becomes reality. Therefore, the present work analyzes the agricultural expansion in the Alto Sertão Sergipano, in face of the existing soil and climate conditions, considering its historical landmarks and socioeconomic potential. To develop this work, an empirical analysis was considered with a quali-quantitative and critical bias of the facts, based on literature worked in subjects such as Geography of Sergipe and Special Topics in Geography Teaching, with a focus on hydrogeography. These constraints helped to visualize the region as a real potential in agricultural production, through irrigation processes by water coming from the São Francisco River or tributaries

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