The aim of this study was to characterize the structural and molecular biology as well as evaluate the immediate and late responses of prostatic cancer in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model after treatment with goniothalamin (GTN) and celecoxib. The treated mice received GTN (150 mg/kg, gavage) or celecoxib (10 mg/kg, gavage) from 8 to 12 weeks of age. They were killed at different ages: the immediate-response groups at 12 weeks and the late-response groups at 22 weeks. The ventral prostate was collected for light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, TUNEL, and ELISA. Morphological analyses indicated that GTN treatment delayed the progression of prostatic adenocarcinoma, leading to a significant decrease of prostatic lesion frequency in both experimental period responses to this treatment, mainly high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Also, the celecoxib treatment showed a particular decrease in the proliferative processes (PCNA) in both the experimental periods. Despite celecoxib diminishing the COX2 and IGFR1 levels, GTN presented higher action spectrum considering the decrease of a greater molecular number involved in the proliferative and inflammatory processes in prostatic cancer. Goniothalamin attenuated the pro-inflammatory response in TRAMP prostatic microenvironment, delaying prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Celecoxib treatment was efficient in the regulation of COX2 in the TRAMP mice, mainly in the advanced disease grade. Finally, we concluded that inflammatory process control in early grades of PCa was crucial for the downregulation of the signaling pathways involved in the proliferative processes in advanced cancer grades.

hydrochloride and 2 equiv of potassium carbonate. This mixture is refluxed overnight and allowed to cool and collect precipitate.

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A successful combination of computational chemistry and total synthesis was explored to tentatively elucidate the absolute configuration of cryptomoscatone E3, a polyketide isolated from the Brazilian tree Cryptocarya mandiocanna. Two independent synthetic approaches are discussed based on asymmetric allylation, ring closing metathesis, and aldol reactions.

An enantioselective total synthesis of cryptolatifolione and its C-8 epimer is presented in a protecting-group-free fashion. The synthesis relied on the use of a catalytic double Krische allylation, catalytic olefin metathesis and a C-H oxidation. Comparison of spectroscopic data of the synthetic isomers and natural product made possible the unequivocally elucidation of the absolute configuration of cryptolatifolione.