Background The aim of this study was to assess the risk of readmission in patients with severe mental disorders, compare it between patients using different types of antipsychotics and determine risk factors for psychiatric readmission. Methods Medical records of a non-concurrent cohort of 625 patients with severe mental disorders (such as psychoses and severe mood disorders) who were first discharged from January to December 2012 (entry into the cohort), with longitudinal follow-up until December 2017 constitute the sample. Descriptive statistical analysis of characteristics of study sample was performed. The risk factors for readmission were assessed using Cox regression. Results Males represented 51.5% of the cohort, and 75.6% of the patients had no partner. Most patients (89.9%) lived with relatives, and 64.7% did not complete elementary school. Only 17.1% used more than one antipsychotic, 34.2% did not adhere to the treatment, and 13.9% discontinued the medication due to unavailability in public pharmacies. There was a need to change the antipsychotic due to the lack of therapeutic response (11.2% of the patients) and adverse reactions to the antipsychotic (5.3% of the patients). Cox regression showed that the risk of readmission was increased by 25.0% (RR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.03–1.52) when used typical antipsychotics, compared to those who used atypical ones, and by 92.0% (RR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.63–2.27) when patients did not adhere to maintenance treatment compared to those who adhered. Conclusions Use of atypical antipsychotics and adherence to treatment were associated with a lower risk of psychiatric readmissions.
Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados do processo de implantação do serviço de farmácia clínica em um hospital psiquiátrico. Método: Relato de experiência retrospectivo da implantação de serviços de farmácia clínica em um hospital psiquiátrico da rede pública de saúde do Distrito Federal, no período de agosto de 2018 a março de 2019. Foi realizada uma análise descritiva dos dados registrados em planilhas de indicadores das atividades de farmácia clínica no hospital. Resultados: A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 34,0 (±11,6) anos e 87 (63,0%) eram do sexo feminino. Os principais tipos de problemas na farmacoterapia identificados foram a inefetividade quantitativa (34,8%), insegurança não quantitativa (32,6%) e inefetividade não quantitativa (12,3%). As principais intervenções realizadas foram alteração de posologia/horários de administração (26,8%), recomendação de monitoramento não laboratorial (20,3%) e outras sinalizações e alertas (10,1%). Dentre as 138 intervenções registradas no serviço de farmácia clínica implantado, 130 (94,2%) foram aceitas. Quando comparamos as intervenções aceitas com as que não foram aceitas, identificamos que houve diferença estatisticamente significativa para os tipos de intervenções realizadas (p=0,05) e não significativa para sexo dos pacientes (p=0,710), farmacoterapia envolvida (p=0,800), problemas relacionados a medicamentos (p=0,289) e quanto ao período em que as intervenções foram feitas (p=0,850). Conclusões: o estudo demonstrou que a implantação do serviço de farmácia clínica possibilitou, através das intervenções farmacêuticas aceitas, uma melhor adequação das prescrições médicas, evitando riscos aos pacientes internados.
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