Downregulation of MALAT1 may promote apoptosis and suppress proliferation, migration and invasion of human NSCLC A549 cells by inhibiting autophagy, thereby suppressing the development of NSCLC.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy of topical sialogogue spray containing malic acid 1% for treating xerostomia. Methods: We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov and Web of Science databases. Literature search, screening, study selection, data collection, data extraction and assessment of bias risk were independently conducted by two reviewers. The study appraisal was performed by Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing bias risk. The systematic review registration number was PROSPERO-CRD42021241322. All statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager version 5.4. Results:Five original articles involving 244 patients with xerostomia who received topical sialogogue spray (malic acid 1%) or placebo for two weeks were included in this review. Based on the questionnaire survey, the topical sialogogue spray (malic acid 1%) improved the symptoms of dry mouth significantly better than the placebo, which was reflected in the Dry Mouth Questionnaire (DMQ), Xerostomia Inventory (XI) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores. Regarding the increase in unstimulated and stimulated saliva flow rates, the intervention group was also better than the placebo group after a two-week course of treatment. Conclusions:Although the included studies are limited, our results show that topical sialogogue spray (malic acid 1%) is an effective method for the treatment of xerostomia. Additional randomised controlled trials in the future are needed to provide highquality evidence of this therapy and to improve clinical practice guidelines.

Background/Aim There are no epidemiological reports focused on the oral and maxillofacial surgery emergency department in the West China Hospital of Stomatology. The aim of this study was to analyse the epidemiological characteristics of emergency patients admitted for Trauma and Plastic Surgery Department of the West China Hospital of Stomatology from 2016–2019. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, 5220 patients with complete medical records were evaluated. The following data were collected: gender, age, etiology, disease type distribution, anatomic injury site and treatment modality. Results There were 3046 males and 2174 females (ratio 1.40:1), with an average age of 16.2 years. The largest group was children aged between 3 and 6 years old (28.3%). Maxillofacial injuries were the most common condition (87.3%), which mostly occurred on the forehead (29.7%), followed by the lips (27.8%). A fall was the leading cause of injury (59.9%), especially in patients younger than 6 years old. There were 327 cases of maxillofacial space infections (MSI), and the mandibular third molars were the most common tooth associated with odontogenic infections (36.2%). Univariable analysis identified that multiple‐space infection, visit time and systemic conditions were the risk factors for being admitted to the hospital for treatment. There were 116 patients (2.2%) with bleeding as the main complaint, and most of the maxillofacial bleeding patients could be stopped by compression (52.6%). Conclusion Males and children aged younger than 6 years were the highest risk populations. Trauma accounted for the majority of emergency patients in maxillofacial surgery. Most maxillofacial injuries involved the forehead and were mainly caused by accidental falls. The proportion of MSI was not high, but serious cases may be life‐threatening. The causes of bleeding were diverse, and the bleeding was easy to control.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most aggressive malignancies worldwide. Special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 is a nuclear matrix attachment region binding protein which participates in higher order chromatin organization and tissue-specific gene expression. However, the role of special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma remains unknown. In this study, western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis were performed to identify differentially expressed special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 in a series of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue samples. The effects of special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 silencing by two short-hairpin RNAs on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were assessed by the CCK-8 assay and transwell assays in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in vitro. Special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 was significantly upregulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue samples and cell lines. Silencing of special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 inhibited the proliferation of KYSE450 and EC9706 cells which have a relatively high level of special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1, and the ability of migration and invasion of KYSE450 and EC9706 cells was distinctly suppressed. Special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 could be a potential target for the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and inhibition of special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 may provide a new strategy for the prevention of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma invasion and metastasis.

Background: Presently, it is difficult to use BMSCs in bone regeneration because the cells are severely weakened or even die after transplantation into the body after in vitro culture. This is due to the difference between the living environment of cells cultured in vitro and in vivo. This study explored a fast and efficient method for developing BMSCs with stronger survival and osteogenesis ability in a harsh environment through hypoxic preconditioning and three-dimensional (3D) culture to transform BMSCs into cell therapy. Methods: BMSCs were treated with various hypoxic preconditioning processes in vitro, including sustained hypoxia, intermittent hypoxia, and sustained normoxia, in planar culture and 3D spheroid culture. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, apoptosis determination assay, and live-dead staining were used to evaluate the proliferation and survival abilities of BMSCs. Alkaline phosphatase, alizarin red staining, and osteogenic-related proteins were used to assess the osteogenic differentiation abilities of BMSCs. Meanwhile, the proliferation, survival, and osteogenesis abilities of BMSCs between planar culture and 3D spheroid culture were compared. Results: BMSCs showed stronger proliferation and survival abilities after intermittent hypoxic preconditioning and 3D spheroid culture. Moreover, cells cultured based on intermittent hypoxic preconditioning and 3D spheroid culture showed less apoptosis and higher osteogenic differentiation abilities than those cultured via conventional treatment in the hypoxic microenvironment simulated by matrix gel placed in a three-gas incubator, including alkaline phosphatase activity, cell calcium content, and expression of osteogenic-related molecules. Conclusions: Intermittent hypoxic preconditioning and 3D spheroids culture at specific stages of BMSCs significantly increase the proliferation, survival, and osteogenic differentiation abilities of BMSCs, thus improving the application potential of seed cells in bone regeneration.