Authentication of commercial buffalo meat products has become a market concern. This study intended to develop and validate a highly species-specific multiplex PCR assay for authentication of buffalo meat products. Four pairs of species-specific primers were used to target mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase O (CDO) gene. The assay generated the expected PCR products of 313, 255, 294 and 177 bp for buffalo meat, cattle meat, pork meat and duck meat, respectively. The multiplex PCR assay was sensitive enough to detect 1 pg pure DNA and 0.1% (w/w) adulterated meat under mixed matrices. Market survey revealed about 35.3% of buffalo meat products are adulterated with cattle meat, pork meat or duck meat in China. The adulteration was found in all food product types including minced meat, frozen rolls, boiled meat, meat ball, vacuum-packed meat and jerky. These findings showed that multiplex PCR assay are potentially reliable techniques for detection of adulteration in raw and processed buffalo meat products.

An efficient and green electrochemical N-ortho-selective difluoromethylation method of various quinoline and isoquinoline N-oxides has been developed. In this method, sodium difluoromethanesulfinate (HCF2SO2Na) was used as the source of the difluoromethyl moiety, and various N-ortho-selective difluoromethylation quinoline and isoquinoline N-oxides were obtained in good to excellent yields under a constant current. In addition, the reaction was easy to scale up and maintained a good yield. Preliminary mechanism studies suggested that the reaction undergoes a free-radical addition and hydrogen elimination pathway.

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A novel and green method for the synthesis of 3‐thiocyanatobenzothiophenes via electrochemical‐oxidation promoted difunctionalization of active alkyne has been developed. In this protocol, inexpensive and easily available potassium thiocyanate was chosen as the thiocyanation reagent, 2‐alkynylthioanisoles as the substrates, a variety of 3‐thiocyanatobenzothiophenes were obtained in moderate to good yields under oxidant‐ and catalyst‐free conditions. Moreover, the continuous flow system has good applicability for this transformation, the use of continuous flow system has overcome the disadvantage of low efficiency in traditional electrochemical amplification, and realized the stable and excellent yields of target products in the scale‐up reactions.

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