Soil rhizospheric metaproteomics is a powerful scientific tool to uncover the interactions between plants and microorganisms in the soil ecosystem. The present study established an extraction method suitable for different soils that could increase the extracted protein content. Close to 1000 separate spots with high reproducibility could be identified in the stained 2-DE gels. Among the spots, 189 spots representing 122 proteins on a 2-DE gel of rice soil samples were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS. These proteins mainly originated from rice and microorganisms. They were involved in protein, energy, nucleotide, and secondary metabolisms, as well as signal transduction and resistance. Three characteristics of the crop rhizospheric metaproteomics seemed apparent: (1) approximately one-third of the protein spots could not be identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF/MS, (2) the conservative proteins from plants formed a feature distribution of crop rhizospheric metaproteome, and (3) there were very complex interactions between plants and microorganisms existing in a crop rhizospheric soil. Further functional analysis on the identified proteins unveiled various metabolic pathways and signal transductions involved in the soil biotic community. This study provides a paradigm for metaproteomic research on soil biology.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common clinical problem with the prevalence of 17.6% in the 18 major cities of China and increased gradually, especially in children. 1 Although most patients achieve beneficial effects from medical therapy, allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only treatment modality that can alter the natural course of AR. 2

As one of the fundamental technologies for scene understanding, semantic segmentation has been widely explored in the last few years. Light field cameras encode the geometric information by simultaneously recording the spatial information and angular information of light rays, which provides us with a new way to solve this issue. In this paper, we propose a highquality and challenging urban scene dataset, containing 1074 samples composed of real-world and synthetic light field images as well as pixel-wise annotations for 14 semantic classes. To the best of our knowledge, it is the largest and the most diverse light field dataset for semantic segmentation. We further design two new semantic segmentation baselines tailored for light field and compare them with state-of-the-art RGB, video and RGB-D-based methods using the proposed dataset. The outperforming results of our baselines demonstrate the advantages of the geometric information in light field for this task. We also provide evaluations of super-resolution and depth estimation methods, showing that the proposed dataset presents new challenges and supports detailed comparisons among different methods. We expect this work inspires new research direction and stimulates scientific progress in related fields. The complete dataset is available at https://github.com/HAWKEYE-Group/UrbanLF.

Songs that convey sorrowful emotions enjoy widespread popularity. The expressions and effects of negative emotions vary considerably across cultures and musical forms. This study explores the physiological responses to five popular "heartbreak" songs, focusing on the relationships between the temporal dynamics of emotion and the verse-chorus form. Listeners' skin conductance and finger temperature were used to infer levels of arousal and relaxation, and the analysis of these time-series data was guided by a priori knowledge of the musical form. We found that two particular time periods in these songs, the passage preceding the chorus and the entrance of the chorus, evoked significant skin conductance responses. Given that the chorus is usually the most favorite element of a popular song, these two responses may reflect the elevated arousal associated with the feelings of "wanting" and "liking", respectively. Moreover, the average finger temperature exhibited a U-shaped curve across each song. The significant decreases of finger temperature within the first part of songs revealed an accumulation of negative emotions in listeners, whereas the significant increases of finger temperature within the second part may reflect a release, resolution, or regulation of negative emotions. Our findings shed new light on the rewarding nature of the chorus and the cathartic effects associated with the versechorus form of heartbreak songs.