Abstract-Many application-specific wireless sensor network (WSN) systems require small size and low power features due to their limited resources, and their use in distributed, wireless environments. In this paper, we present a light-weight distributed algorithm for line-crossing recognition, together with its analysis, implementation, and experimental evaluation within a prototype wireless sensor network platform. The algorithm is developed in conjunction with a TDMA-based communication protocol such that the proposed system provides for low duty cycle and energy efficient operation. An accurate lifetime model is proposed with consideration of detailed energy usage to analyze and estimate the system lifetime. Our experimental results demonstrate the accuracy of this lifetime model, and its utility in optimizing network implementation. The design and experimental evaluation of our prototype network demonstrates the compactness and functionality of the proposed distributed WSN system for line-crossing recognition.

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In this paper we study the square grid area required for laying out Hl, the Boolean hypercube of N=2l vertices. It is shown that this area is [Formula: see text]. We describe a layout which occupies this much area and prove that no layout of less area exists.

Abstract-In the past, primary focus has been given to novel sensor elements for deployment against urban terrorists and in limited force engagements. The issue explored in this paper is the adequacy of electronic system support for these new sensing elements. For example, ad hoc distributed networks must lie dormant for long periods of time and "come alive" when threats are nearby. This presents a unique challenge in the storage, generation, and management of power. In this paper, we demonstrate designs of processor algorithms and telecommunication protocols that alleviate current power-system shortcomings for these stationary networks. These advances include: 1) low-power protocols for data fusion and fault tolerance and 2) system-level energy modeling and analysis. As a concrete example, we define a distributed sensor support system for line crossing recognition. We demonstrate that threat detection is a system-level problem. Single elements of the system chain individually have small impact on overall performance. Through the development of a preamplifier/amplifier chain for optimum signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, we show the degree to which system-level architecture can improve reliable detection. Specifically, the use of sensor redundancy to improve performance is analyzed from a statistical basis.Index Terms-Distributed algorithms, low-power modeling, system-level developments, wireless sensor networks.

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