ABSTRAK Indonesia merupakan negara penghasil mangga terbesar keenam didunia, namun data ekspor mangga hanya 0,07% dari total produksinya, dan justru impornya meningkat terus. Padahal mangga mempunyai nilai ekonomis tinggi dan berpotensi meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani. Sayangnya potensi ekonomi tersebut belum tergali karena masih banyaknya hambatan baik teknis maupun nonteknis dalam agribisnis mangga. Petani sering menggunakan sistim informal dalam pengelolaan mangga, yang berakibat petani tidak mempunyai bargaining position terhadap pedagang pengumpul/ tengkulak, sehingga harga yang diterima rendah. Secara spesifik tujuan penelitian ini: menganalis faktor-faktor sosial ekonomi yang mempengaruhi pengelolaan tanaman mangga, pemilihan sumber pembiayaan, serta cara penjualan mangga.Design penelitian : kuantitatif, yang dilaksanakan dengan metode survey di Provinsi Jawa Barat dan Jawa Timur, yang menghasilkan 55% dari total produksi mangga nasional. Wilayah kabupaten, kecamatan dipilih dengan metode Multi Stage Cluster Random Sampling. Pemilihan sampel sebanyak 636 keluarga petani (320 Jawa Timur dan 316 untukJawa Barat) dilakukan secara random.Data dianalisis menggunakan Structural Equation Model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : 1). Sistim pengelolaan mangga secara significant dipengaruhi oleh faktor umur petani, jumlah pohon mangga, akses terhadap informasi dan akses terhadap pasar. 2). Pemilihan sumber pembiayaan dipengaruhi oleh umur petani, jumlah pohon mangga, dan akses terhadap modal dengan korelasi positif, sedangkan sistim pengelolaan mangga, dan fasilitas irigasi mempengaruhi dengan korelasi negatif. 3). Sistim penjualan mangga dipengaruhi oleh sistim pembiayaan dan akses terhadap informasi dengan korelasi positif, sedangkan sistim pengelolaan, aktivitas pemeliharaan, kegiatan pemberantasan hama dan penyakit, penerapan teknologi off-season, akses terhadap pasar dan fasilitas peralatan mempengaruhi dengan korelasi negatif.Kata kunci : agribisnis mangga, faktor-faktor, petani,sistim informal.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS AFFECTING THE DECISION INVOLVED IN MANGO FARMING SYSTEM WITH INFORMAL traders
ABSTRACT
Paddy farming has been affected by climate change phenomena such as high rainfall and long dry seasons which have caused plant and crop failure. To minimize the impact of climate change on their farming, paddy farmers undertake various strategies for dynamically adapting to climate change. This study aimed to analyze and assess the dynamics of the mitigation response by paddy farmers in West Java to minimize the impact of climate change. The object of research was paddy farmers in West Java. The research sample was selected using a multi-stage cluster random sampling technique to collect 300 respondents. Data analysis methods used descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance (manova). The results showed that paddy farmers in West Java have dynamically mitigated climate change along with climate change over time. Types of climate change mitigation response applied by the majority of paddy farmers in West Java included planting shading trees, using energy saving technologies, cultivating organic agriculture, planting different crops instead of rice, changing farming to animal husbandry, migrating, looking for other income sources outside farming and renting/selling their land. Other mitigation responses that have rarely applied but interesting to explore were of shifting the planting and harvesting periods, selecting planting varieties, adapting plantation patterns and irrigation techniques. Farmers in Subang District who applied the most four types of climate change mitigation response earned higher income greater than those in Indramayu and Karawang.
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