ABSTRAK Indonesia merupakan negara penghasil mangga terbesar keenam didunia, namun data ekspor mangga hanya 0,07% dari total produksinya, dan justru impornya meningkat terus. Padahal mangga mempunyai nilai ekonomis tinggi dan berpotensi meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani. Sayangnya potensi ekonomi tersebut belum tergali karena masih banyaknya hambatan baik teknis maupun nonteknis dalam agribisnis mangga. Petani sering menggunakan sistim informal dalam pengelolaan mangga, yang berakibat petani tidak mempunyai bargaining position terhadap pedagang pengumpul/ tengkulak, sehingga harga yang diterima rendah. Secara spesifik tujuan penelitian ini: menganalis faktor-faktor sosial ekonomi yang mempengaruhi pengelolaan tanaman mangga, pemilihan sumber pembiayaan, serta cara penjualan mangga.Design penelitian : kuantitatif, yang dilaksanakan dengan metode survey di Provinsi Jawa Barat dan Jawa Timur, yang menghasilkan 55% dari total produksi mangga nasional. Wilayah kabupaten, kecamatan dipilih dengan metode Multi Stage Cluster Random Sampling. Pemilihan sampel sebanyak 636 keluarga petani (320 Jawa Timur dan 316 untukJawa Barat) dilakukan secara random.Data dianalisis menggunakan Structural Equation Model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : 1). Sistim pengelolaan mangga secara significant dipengaruhi oleh faktor umur petani, jumlah pohon mangga, akses terhadap informasi dan akses terhadap pasar. 2). Pemilihan sumber pembiayaan dipengaruhi oleh umur petani, jumlah pohon mangga, dan akses terhadap modal dengan korelasi positif, sedangkan sistim pengelolaan mangga, dan fasilitas irigasi mempengaruhi dengan korelasi negatif. 3). Sistim penjualan mangga dipengaruhi oleh sistim pembiayaan dan akses terhadap informasi dengan korelasi positif, sedangkan sistim pengelolaan, aktivitas pemeliharaan, kegiatan pemberantasan hama dan penyakit, penerapan teknologi off-season, akses terhadap pasar dan fasilitas peralatan mempengaruhi dengan korelasi negatif.Kata kunci : agribisnis mangga, faktor-faktor, petani,sistim informal. SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS AFFECTING THE DECISION INVOLVED IN MANGO FARMING SYSTEM WITH INFORMAL traders ABSTRACT
Agribisnis mangga gedong gincu tidak terlepas dari adanya resiko di berbagai sumber (agen resiko) seperti resiko produksi, resiko harga/pasar, resiko manusia, resiko fina nsial dan resiko institusi. Semua sumber resiko tersebut berpotensi mengakibatkan gangguan pada proses produksi di petani hingga keseluruhan proses agribisnis dan pada akhirnya mempengaruhi pendapatan petani mangga gedong gincu di Kecamatan Sedong. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan identifikasi kejadian resiko dan sumber (agen resiko) yang sering terjadi dan berpeluang muncul kembali dan merancang aksi mitigasi untuk meminimalisir resiko tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan model House of Risk (HOR) yang terdiri dari 2 fase. Fase pertama yaitu pengidentifikasian resiko dan agen resiko, yang kemudian dilakukan pengukuran tingkat severity dan occurance serta perhitungan nilai Aggregate Risk Priority (ARP). Fase kedua yaitu penanganan resiko. Setelah dilakukan penelitian diperoleh hasil bahwa terdapat 20 kejadian resiko dan 12 agen resiko. Terdapat 5 aksi mitigasi yang dapat dilakukan oleh petani dengan harapan mampu meminimalisir resiko pada agribisnis mangga gedong gincu di Kecamatan Sedong. Kata kunci: agribisnis, resiko, house of risk, aggregate risk priority (ARP), aksi mitigasi ABSTRACT Agribusiness gedong gincu mango can not be separated from the risk in various sources such as production risk, price / market risk, human risk, financial risk and institutional risk. All these sources of risk have the potential to cause disruption to the production process to the entire agribusiness process and ultimately affect the income of the gedong gincu mango farmers in Sedong District. Therefore, it is necessary to identify risk and resource occurrences (risk agents) that are frequent and likely to reappear and designing mitigation actions to minimize those risks. This research using House of Risk model (HOR) which consist of 2 phases. The first phase is the identification of risk and risk agents, which then measured the level of severity and occurance as well as calculating the value of Aggregate Risk Priority (ARP). The second phase of risk management. After the research, there were 20 risk events and 12 risk agents. There are 5 mitigation actions that can be used, in the hope of mitigating the risks on agribusiness gedong gincu in Sedong District.
Alm oil is a leading export commodity for Indonesia and the country’s highest foreign exchange earner. This commodity also has a fairly important role in the economy in regions in Indonesia, especially in Labuhanbatu Regency as one of the centers of oil palm production in the Sumatran Archipelago. This study aimed to analyze the level of sustainability of smallholder oil palm agribusiness in Labuhanbatu Regency. The study was designed using quantitative methods and a proportionate stratified random sampling approach with 249 oil palm farmers as research respondents. The data were analyzed using the multi dimensional scaling (MDS) method assisted by the Rap—Palm Oil (RAPPO) software (version 1.0). The results showed that the multidimensional sustainability of the smallholder oil palm agribusiness in Labuhanbatu Regency was in the “fairly sustainable” category. This illustrates that the oil palm agribusiness needs stakeholder support to improve its sustainability status. The highest value is the economic dimension because it is the main source of livelihood for oil palm farmers, while the lowest value is the environmental dimension. The value obtained was influenced by the use of production inputs that were not in accordance with the recommendations.
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