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This paper intends to discuss Byron's "Sardanapalus" by focusing on the Hegelian master-slave dialectics. Written in 1821, "Sardanapalus" presents some trends about Lord Byron's creation of the Byronic Hero. The Byronic hero is emotional, dreamy, and impulsive. Sardanapalus, the Byronic hero, is the Assyrian King who possesses the complicated nature of both master and slave which is the focus of this article. There are encounters of masters and slaves that consciously and unconsciously take place in this dramatic verse. Sardanapalus' relationships to his mistress, his brother-in-law and the citizens involve a complex thesis and antithesis. Hegelian dialectics reflect the processes of recognition of consciousness through such thesis and antithesis. Bondage and lordship and dependency and independency are concepts that are within these processes. Hegel explains that the identity and role of the master and slave can be recognized when they are interacting. It means that the absolute situation in which one is alone cannot be appropriate for distinguishing. It attempts to explain how the master-slave patterns are recognized and defined, how the slaves and masters struggle internally and externally, and how they reach the recognition of the reality of their position and of self and how Sardanapalus as the Byronic hero acts. The focus of this article is on three master-slave patterns which are Sardanapalus-Myrrha, Sardanapalus-Salemenes and Sardanapalus-the citizens.

This paper attempts to present the journey of mental suffering in Jed Parry, one of the major characters in Enduring Love. In this regard, it is noted that this journey begins and questions the borders of Self and Other in life and boundaries of love. Jed Parry is perceived as a religious fanatic and what comes next is Jed's obsession with Joe and his attempt to convince him that they are in love, and at the same time Joe is preoccupied with the idea that Jed is obsessed with him. We present a close reading of Enduring Love by elucidating some of the psychoanalytical reflections on Jed via the lens of child-mother conceptual theory. Specifically, we explore the psychic anxieties and the influence of this early female figure on Jed's interactions in light of Object Relations Theory of the psychoanalysis attributable to the Fairbairnian, Kleinnian, and Winnicottian analytic traditions. We trace the psychoanalytical origins of Jed's anxieties and tensions into childhood and also highlight a much earlier female (mother) influence. We will show how deprivation from the establishment of a satisfying contact with this primary love object (mother) can wreak havoc in the character's psyche and cause his ego to move towards establishing relations with his internal objects instead of natural, real objects in his external world.

Eco-poetry as a modern literary theory is a branch of ecocriticism which focuses on the relationship between man and the physical world. Using the Latin American Nobel Prize winner Pablo Neruda's selected poetry, this paper sets out to explore the themes of mystical and spiritual consciousness through eco-poetical evidence. This study utilizes the theoretical framework of eco-poetry to illuminate the dual ecological and mystical phenomenon, both in its theoretical and literary context. The thematic analysis of the study emphasizes the mystical and ecological spirituality or eco-mysticism of Neruda's poetry. The finding indicates that Neruda's poetries demonstrate man's interdependence and spiritual interconnectedness with his environment. The finding also signals Neruda's poetic quest of focusing on the significance of nature and poetry as a means for finding spirituality in the physical world.