This study reviews the use of Apocynaceae species for cancer and tumor treatment in the Amazon. Databases and books were searched for ethnobotanical and phytochemical evaluations of the cytotoxic and anticancer activities of Apocynaceae species. The literature reports the use of several Amazonian species, such as Asclepias curassavica, Himatanthus articulates, and Macoubea sprucei, in treating tumors and cancers. Phytochemical studies on A. curassavica and H. articulatus have shown their chemical compositions to be variable, possessing cardenolides, iridoids, flavonoids, steroids, and terpenes. Most of the species have not been subjected to in vitro experiments for anticancer activity, and the evaluated species showed moderate-to-weak responses or were inactive. Other studies have shown that iridoids, flavonoids, and steroids are promising as antitumor treatments. The following action mechanisms have been attributed to iridoids: topoisomerase I-DNA complex stabilization, cellular cytoskeleton alteration, and induction of apoptosis. The activities of flavonoids have been reported to include apoptosis induction in liver tumor cells. Some authors suggest that flavonoids reduce oxidative stress cellular response which reduces mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. In summary, Apocynaceae species appear to be promising as a source for antitumor agents; however, further studies are required to confirm their antitumor activities and to better elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved.
Objetivo: Descrever a atividade antileishmania de Annona glabra. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudofitoquímico do extrato etanólico (EE) obtido de cascas de A. glabra e suas frações, a partir do qual a Rutinafoi isolada. A atividade antileishmania frente a Leishmania amazonensis foi avaliada através dos ensaiosantipromastigota (método do MTT) e antiamastigota (determinada pela redução da taxa de infecção emmacrófagos). A citotoxicidade foi avaliada em macrófagos (THP-1) através do MTT. Resultados: Nosestudos fitoquímicos, o EE e suas frações apresentaram cromatogramas sugestivos de flavonoides. Noensaio antipromastigota, o EE, frações e Rutina, foram considerados inativos (CI50>200 µg/mL). Naatividade antiamastigota, o EE e a Rutina não inibiram a infecção de macrófagos por Leishmania, contudo, aFração de Hexano nas concentrações de 250 e 125 µg/mL inibiu a infecção de macrófagos em 39,1% e18,7% respectivamente. No ensaio de viabilidade, nenhuma amostra apresentou citotoxicidade (CC50 > 500µg/mL). Conclusão: Em síntese, o fracionamento do extrato etanólico favoreceu o aumento da atividadeantileishmania, inferindo que as substâncias responsáveis pela ação provavelmente estejam em baixaconcentração no extrato e suas frações e que, essa atividade, pode estar associada à presença deflavonoides.
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