This study evaluated the effect of convective drying on the degradation of color and phenolic compounds of purple basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) leaves, and the hygroscopic behavior of dried leaves. The fresh leaves underwent drying at 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C, and 70 °C. Degradation of chlorophyll, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds were evaluated during drying and the hygroscopicity was evaluated through the moisture sorption isotherms. The drying mathematical modeling and the moisture sorption data were performed. The effective diffusivity for the drying increased from 4.93 × 10−10 m2/s at 40 °C to 18.96 × 10−10 m2/s at 70 °C, and the activation energy value (39.30 kJ/mol) showed that the leaves present temperature sensibility. The leaves dried at 40 °C had less degradation of phenolic compounds and color variation, but the drying process was too slow for practical purposes. Modified Page, Diffusion Approximation, and Verna models had excellent accuracy in drying kinetics. The isotherms showed that, in environments with relative humidity above 50%, the purple basil leaves are more susceptible to water gain, and at 8.83 g H2O/100 g db moisture, it guarantees the microbiological stability of the dried leaves. The Oswin model was the most suitable for estimating the moisture sorption isotherms of the dried leaves.
In this review, we gathered information regarding the carotenoid composition of selected Amazonian fruits: peach palm (Bactris gasipaes), buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare), taperebá (Spondias mombin), and araçá-boi (Eugenia stipitata); and also discussed the stability of carotenoid extracts and their potential to be used as natural colorants in foods. Notwithstanding the claimed health benefits, information on technological approaches to the use of carotenoid extracts from Amazonian fruits as natural colorants or antioxidant are quite limited. These findings evidenced the need for more systematic studies assessing the stability of carotenoid extracts of Amazonian fruits and their application as natural food additives.
A mangaba (Hancornia speciosa) é um fruto característico da região Nordeste do Brasil e apresenta excelentes atributos sensoriais e nutritivos, sendo também utilizado na industrialização, sob a forma de doces, geleias, compotas, vinho, vinagre, suco e sorvete. Esta pesquisa objetiva otimizar o processo de desidratação osmótica (DO) da mangaba ao analisar a influência de diferentes concentrações de solução osmótica (C) em diferentes períodos de imersão (T) do fruto, sobre as respostas perda de água (PA) e ganho de sólidos (GS), a fim de estabelecer condições ótimas para a melhor conservação do fruto. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, os frutos foram adquiridos no estádio de maturação maduro de um fornecedor local da região de Salvaterra (Pará) e transportados para o Laboratório de Tecnologia de Alimentos (UEPA – Campus Salvaterra), onde se iniciaram os procedimentos de desidratação osmótica. A relação amostra/solução foi de 1 g do fruto para cada 5 mL da solução osmótica, sendo a umidade determinada antes e após o processo. Para avaliar os efeitos das variáveis independentes (C e T), foi utilizado um delineamento composto central rotacional (DCCR) do tipo 22, totalizando 11 ensaios experimentais. As análises estatísticas dos coeficientes de regressão e a análise de variância (ANOVA) foram utilizados para avaliar o grau de ajuste dos modelos propostos aos dados experimentais. As superfícies de respostas apontaram que maiores concentrações de solução osmótica (C) e maiores tempos de imersão (T) favoreceram as maiores PA e GS no fruto. Os resultados obtidos para a otimização simultânea das respostas definiu como condições ótimas para o processo: C = 56 % e T = 55,18 min, visando a maximização da PA e minimização do GS.
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