Psychrotrophic bacteria were isolated from refrigerated raw milk from a processing plant in Southern Brazil. Psychrotrophic counts were between 4.9 and 7.8 log cfu ⁄ mL, and 5.3 to 7.2 log cfu ⁄ mL, for samples collected at the truck and the milk storage silo, respectively. Among the bacterial isolates, 90% were Gram-negative. Most strains presented low proteolytic activity, but strains of Burkholderia cepacia, Klebsiella oxytoca and Aeromonas sp. showed higher than 20 U ⁄ mL on azocasein as substrate. Crude proteases from selected strains were resistant to conventional heat treatments and caused coagulation of UHT milk after 5 days storage at room temperature.

Objective: compare the antimicrobial effectiveness of common antimicrobial paste immediately after pulp therapy and in different storage conditions. Study design: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis,Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis, Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis sample were used. The storage conditions utilized were: at room temperature - the paste was subjected to a natural aging process at room temperature for a 24-hour and 7, 14, 28, 60 and 90 day periods (GPRT). Refrigerator storage – the paste was placed to a natural aging process in a refrigerator at 4°C for a 24 hour and 7.14, 28, 60 and 90 day periods (GPR). To perform the immediate effect analysis (GPi or zero time), of each mixture either at room or refrigerator temperature, the preparation procedure was similar, although GPR, iodoform, Rifocort® and camphorated paramonochlorophenol were stored in the refrigerator and then taken out, dosed and manipulated, and had their immediate effect tested after a l-week period at storage of 4°C average temperature. The testing methodology was Dilution in Solid Medium-Agar. The Wilcoxon Test and Friedman variance analyses were used. Results: the GP paste showed antimicrobial activity at all experimental times. Conclusion: the pastes presented antimicrobial effectiveness at all experimental times.

Preliminary studies on pathologic conditions in the testis, epididymis, and the accessory sex glands of cattle have demonstrated that vesiculitis is the most common inflammatory condition in the genitals of Danish bulls. 5 Occasionally, this condition has an acute onset that produces clinical signs and then becomes a chronic disease. 18 Four-polled Hereford bulls approximatedly 1 year of age (1-2 years old) from a farm in southern Brazil were examined by rectal palpation. During this procedure, enlargement of the seminal vesicles was detected. The animals were slaughtered, and samples were collected for bacteriologic and histopathologic examination. Macroscopically, the seminal vesicles were enlarged and firm and contained foci of yellow exudate. The histopathologic examination revealed interstitial seminal vesiculitis with areas of lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltration surrounding alveoli containing suppurative exudate. Varying degrees of fibrosis were found in the glands. Samples of a selected group of organs were available for sectioning.For bacteriologic examination, fragments of seminal vesicles were inoculated asseptically onto 5% (w/v) sheep blood agar and incubated aerobically at 37 C for 24-48 hours. Microorganisms from all seminal vesicles were isolated in pure culture. The colonies were beta-hemolytic, smooth, small, and white and had characteristics of the genus Aeromonas (gram-negative rods, oxidase positive, fermentative metabolism,

The genus Aeromonas comprises Gram negative rods found mainly in aquatical environments that may infect humans and animals (JM Janda 1991 Clin Microbiol Rev 4: 397-410). In humans, some Aeromonas species have been associated with intestinal and extraintestinal infections and enterotoxins, cytotoxins as well as invasive mechanisms have been incriminated in the development of illness in the host (Janda loc. cit.). Bacteriocin-like substances (BLS) are protein compounds produced by some bacteria (G Ivanovics 1962 Bacteriol Rev 26: 108-118) showing antagonic activity against their own species (isoinhibitory activity -IA) or other non-related species (heteroinhibitory activity -HA). The use of the expression BLS is recommended to nominate bacterial products showing antagonic activity though not characterized (K Sandhu et al. 1983 J Clin Microbiol 17: 511-515). These substances have been widespread utilized in epidemiological studies as specific marker properties of bacteria, in the regulation of population dynamics in bacterial ecosystems and clinical treatment (V Fantinato & F Zelante 1991 Rev Microbiol 22: 49-51). As BLS have not been currently described in Aeromonas species, the purpose of this study was to investigate their production in strains isolated from animal, clinical and environmental sources.The assays for the production of BLS were performed according to Sandhu et al. (loc. cit.). The strains used as BLS producers and BLS indicators are listed in Table. Our results showed that among 32 Aeromonas strains, the BLS could be only demonstrated in a strain of A. hydrophila isolated from a water tank containing alligators. This strain demonstrated heteroinhibitory activity against four Staphylococcus aureus strains (one ATCC 6538 and three methicillin-resistant -MRSA). The heteroinhibitory activity was demonstrated after an incubation of 48 hr at 37°C and not at 25°C, conditions also observed for the BLS production in Serratia, Pseudomonas, Leuconostoc and Enterococcus strains (JD Foulds & D Shemin 1969

Purpose: This study assessed the antimicrobial effectiveness of an iodoform-based paste (Guedes-Pinto Paste, GPP) and a paste modified by the addition of a 2% chlorhexidine gluconate gel (CHX) to replace the camphorated parachlorophenol component of the original GPP.Methods: The antimicrobial action was tested against the following microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus oralis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. In the agar diffusion test, 18 Petri plates with 20 mL of BHIA were inoculated with 0.1 mL of the microbial suspensions. Paper disks were immersed in the experimental solutions for 1 min and were then placed over the BHIA surface in each agar plate. The plates were maintained for 1 h at room temperature and then incubated at 37ºC for 48 h. The diameters of the microbial inhibition halos were measured around the paper disks containing the substances. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test (α=0.05).Results: Antimicrobial action was observed for the GPP and CHX pastes, which presented absence of turbidity for almost all microorganisms. No statistically significant difference in the antimicrobial action was found between GPP and CHX.Conclusion: Both pastes present similar antimicrobial effectiveness against several microorganisms commonly found in endodontic infections in deciduous teeth.Key words: Pulpectomy; deciduous teeth; chlorhexidine ResumoObjetivo: Este estudo avaliou a ação antimicrobiana de pastas, uma à base de iodofórmio conhecida por Pasta Guedes-Pinto (PGP) e outra modificada pela adição de digluconato de clorexidina (CHX) a 2% em substituição ao paramonoclorofenol canforado da formulação original da PGP. Metodologia: A ação antimicrobiana das duas pastas foi testada contra Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus oralis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli eBacillus subtilis. O método empregado foi o de Diluição em Meio Sólido, Difusão em Ágar. Dezoito placas de Petri com 20 mL de BHIA foram inoculados com 0,1 mL das suspensões microbianas. Discos de papel foram imersos nas soluções experimentais por 1 min e colocados sobre a superfície de BHIA em cada placa. As placas foram mantidas em temperatura ambiente por 1 h e então incubadas a 37ºC por 48 h. O diâmetro da inibição microbiana foi medida ao redor dos discos de papel. Os dados foram pelo teste U de Mann-Whitney (α=0,05).Resultados: A PGP teve ação bacteriostática contra todos os microrganismos e também bactericida exceto para Enterococcus faecalis e Bacillus subtilis. A CHX apresentou ação bacteriostática e bactericida contra todos os microrganismos. Não houve diferença estatística significante quanto à efetividade antimicrobiana entre as pastas avaliadas.Conclusão: Ambas as pastas apresentaram ação antimicrobiana contra quase todos os microrganismos encontrados em infecções endodônticas de dentes decíduos.