Los alcaloides son compuestos químicos que poseen propiedades farmacológicas a concentraciones bajas. En este estudio se evaluó la actividad antioxidante en fracciones de alcaloides libres hexánicos, libres metanólicos, liberados metanólicos y de erisodina, obtenidas de semillas de Erythrina americana Miller, mediante el método del radical estable 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazilo (DPPH); dicha reacción se midió por espectroscopía UV-Visible. La fracción de alcaloides liberados presentó mayor actividad antioxidante (0.1593 mg mL-1 ± 0.0305), aunque las tres fracciones crudas inhibieron más de 50 % de la concentración del DPPH. Se aisló erisodina pura a partir de la fracción de alcaloides liberados por medio de cromatografía en columna con los eluyentes diclorometano:metanol en distintas polaridades; dicho alcaloide se identificó a través de cromatografía en capa fina y RMN- 1H. Erisodina causó una fuerte inhibición sobre el DPPH, comparable a la del ácido ascórbico (CI50 = 0.0212 mg mL-1 ± 0.008 y CI50 = 0.0068 mg mL-1 ± 0.0008, respectivamente). Erisodina a 0.5 mg mL-1 inhibió hasta 94 % del DPPH.
This study determined nutritional quality, content of antioxidant compounds and antioxidantactivity in the rind (mesocarp) of the fruit of 15 genotypes of xoconostle to identify those thathave greater nutraceutical potential. A proximal analysis was conducted. Contents ofbetalain, total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity werequantified. The data obtained were analyzed with an analysis of variance (ANOVA), theTukey test (P ? 0.05) and the Pearson coefficient of correlation. Significant differences in theproximal composition and antioxidant compounds were found among the 15 genotypes. Thegenotype Cambray had the highest total content of betalains (35.06 mg 100 g-1 f.w.). Theantioxidant activity observed in the other genotypes may be due to a synergetic effect of thepresence of total betalains, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and vitamin C. The wildgenotype Chaveñito (O. sainaltense), which had the highest percentage (95.88 %) ofinhibition of the DPPH radical (indicating greater antioxidant activity), can be considered thegenotype with the best nutraceutic quality.
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