No abstract

There is growing interest in the concept of wisdom as an ideal end point of development in psychological science. However, in its fourth decade still, the biggest concern is to reach the consensus about its definition and description. The present study focuses on wisdom descriptors from Indian adolescents and adults" perspective and comparing it with the global conception. Total 170 participants (87 adolescents and 83 adults) were asked to provide the names that they consider wise and characteristics of their wise nominees. For matching with global conception, twenty-five wisdom descriptors were taken from previous researches and participants were asked to identify them as of the wise person. Results suggested some of the convergence with the global understanding but some very intriguing findings were observed when age and education differences were taken into the consideration. Most importantly, adolescents stressed the value of success led personal growth and societal upliftment, whereas as adults gave more weight to the knowledge bearer and having a vision.

Purpose: Although deficits in social cognition (SC) had been recognized as a hallmark of schizophrenia, quality data in Indian context were limited. The purpose of the current research was to determine the demographic and clinical correlates of SC in schizophrenia. Methods: Between February 2014 and January 2015, a case–control study was conducted in Chhattisgarh, India, among 100 paranoid schizophrenia patients (ICD-10) from two psychiatric hospitals and 100 neighborhood-based healthy (28-item General Health Questionnaire) controls. After obtaining signed consent, SC was assessed among 20–35-year-old, high school or more educated subjects ensuring eligibility for appropriate scales. Results: Patients had poorer social knowledge (adjusted-beta-coefficient [AC] = −4.89 [−6.32, −3.45]) and lower predicted mean score for internal attribution of negative event (AC: −0.72 [−1.17, −0.27]). Nonrecognition of facial expressions especially for anger (adjusted-odds-ratio [AOR] = 3.50 [1.17, 10.51]), surprise (AOR = 2.91 [1.36, 6.25]) and fear (AOR = 2.35 [1.11, 5.01]) was more common among cases. Wrong recognition of expressions was less likely among females (for surprise: AOR = 0.35 [0.13, 0.93]) and educated (for sadness: AOR = 0.11 [0.02, 0.58]) but more common among wealthy (for surprise: AOR = 4.58 [1.22, 17.19]) and urban (for fear: unadjusted odds ratios = 4.30 [1.53, 12.03]) subjects. If recognized expressions correctly, females were more likely to perceive higher intensity of anger (AOR = 4.30 [1.80, 10.29]) and happiness (AOR = 4.22 [1.66, 10.72]). Higher intensity was perceived by more educated subjects regarding anger (AOR = 2.57 [1.04, 6.34]) but not for happiness (AOR = 0.09 [0.01, 0.79]). Unmarried/divorced/separated perceived happiness (AOR = 2.86 [1.02, 7.97]) with more intensity while those in joint families perceived sadness (AOR = 2.80 [1.22, 6.41]) and fear (AOR = 2.28 [1.01, 5.16]) with more intensity. Conclusion: A significant impairment in SC was observed among paranoid schizophrenia cases in Chhattisgarh, India. Intervention and further research addressing identified issues of SC need to target specific subpopulations, among schizophrenia patients.

No abstract

No abstract