Background: Candidosis is an opportunistic fungal infection caused by yeasts of the genus Candida, which normally reside on the surfaces of the mucous membranes and in the skin of several animal species and healthy humans; however the fungi can convert into pathogenic microorganisms and result in invasive infections with systemic involvement due to the impairment of the immune system. Systemic candidosis is rare in dogs and few reports of this mycosis are available in literature. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe three cases of systemic candidiasis associated to canine distemper in dogs, highlighting the main epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects.Cases: Three cases of systemic infection by Candida sp. were diagnosed in dogs. The animals predominantly presented neurological clinical manifestations, followed by unspecific alterations with an evolution of 5 to 30 days. Macroscopically, the lesions were characterized by white-yellowish multifocal to coalescent areas surrounded by reddish borders in the kidneys and heart (cases 1, 2 and 3); liver and submandibular lymph node (case 1); and lung (case 2). In the brains of the three dogs were observed multifocal, blackened and/or reddish and friable areas. In case 1, was observed an increased volume of the right carpometacarpal joint, that when cut, released a reddish and turbid content. In case 2, there was deposition of a whitish lumpy material on the epicardial surface, aorta artery, pericardial sac and spleen; infarction on the right testicle, hydroureter, pyelonephritis and hydronephrosis. Microscopically, the lesions consisted of necrossupurative inflammation associated to hemorrhage, vasculitis, congestion, thrombosis, infarction and fungal structures with distinct morphological patterns which included blastoconidia, pseudohyphae and hyphae. The fungal structures were strongly positive for the anti-Candida albicans polyclonal antibody in the immunohistochemistry. All 3 dogs were concomitantly infected by the canine distemper virus, and 2 of the animals also presented other comorbidities.Discussion: The diagnosis of systemic candidiasis was made based on the morphotintorial characteristics of the agent and confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The yeasts of the genus Candida live as commensals, but when there is an imbalance of the normal microbiota or the immune system of the host is impaired, the yeasts can convert themselves into opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms. The concomitant infection with the canine distemper virus may have favored the infection and proliferation of the agent in the tissues, as the virus causes immunosuppression. The extensive vascular lesions associated to fungi in the vascular lumen and wall observed in the affected organs suggest hematogenous dissemination causing acute infarctions. The clinical signs of systemic candidosis are extremely variable and reflect the affected organs and hardly ever the infections are considered in the differential diagnoses. The dogs presented neurological clinical signs compatible with canine distemper, however the other clinical alterations were unspecific and insufficient to correlate with a secondary infection and none of the cases diagnosed in the necroscopic examination suggested systemic candidiasis during the clinical investigation. The histochemical methods used in this study contributed effectively for the prior diagnosis of candidosis, making evident the variable morphological characteristics of the fungi. It is concluded that the systemic candidosis in dogs with canine distemper affects young and adult animals with predominantly neurological and unspecific clinical signs resulting from necrossupurative and vascular lesions in several organs, including the articular involvement little described in dogs and testicular lesions only reported in humans.
<p><span style="font-size: medium;">Relata-se um caso de adenocarcinoma pulmonar acinar (ACPA) com metástase renal em um felino fêmea, siamês de 13 anos de idade com dispneia e cansaço há quatro dias. O animal foi eutanasiado e necropsiado. Macroscopicamente os pulmões apresentavam-se não colapsados, firmes, avermelhados e entremeados por áreas brancacentas que ao corte adentravam ao parênquima. No rim direito, observou-se área esbranquiçada bem delimita na superfície capsular que adentravam ao parênquima. Microscopicamente observou-se no pulmão massa tumoral composta por células epiteliais dispostas em ninhos, túbulos e ácinos, muitas vezes, preenchidos por material mucinoso. Os rins apresentavam pequenos focos neoplásicos que se assemelhavam às do pulmão. Adenocarcinomas pulmonares apesar de pouco comuns em gatos, apresentam prognóstico desfavorável devido às dificuldades no diagnóstico presuntivo e deve ser considerada como diagnóstico diferencial de enfermidades pulmonares em felinos idosos. </span></p>
; CARNEIRO, R. dos S.; ARAÚJO, N. de S. Distocia materna por inércia uterina primária associada ao choque hipoglicêmico em cadela: relato de caso. Arq. Ciênc. Vet. Zool. UNIPAR, Umuarama, v. 18, n. 3, p. 179-183, jul./set. 2015.RESUMO: Distocia é a incapacidade de expulsão do feto por meio do canal do parto durante a parição. Relata-se um caso de distocia por inércia uterina primária associada o choque hipoglicêmico em uma cadela, SRD, de cinco anos de idade. O animal deu entrada no hospital veterinário, apresentando contrações abdominais e secreção vaginal de coloração esverdeada, hipotermia, obnubilação e hipoglicemia, caracterizando choque hipoglicêmico. Foi realizado tratamento emergencial e reversão da hipoglicemia. Foi realizada radiografia para verificação de fetos remanescentes e avaliação da estática fetal. A bioquímica sérica revelou hipocalcemia moderada e foi realizado tratamento com gluconato de cálcio e ocitocina, havendo a parição dos fetos. A distocia na clínica de cães e gatos é considerada de emergência. A estabilização do animal é de extrema importância. A realização de exames laboratoriais deve ser preconizada para avaliar a ocorrência de distúrbios eletrolíticos, promovendo um adequado tratamento e melhorando o prognóstico da paciente. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Parto distócico. Hipocalcemia. Hipoglicemia. MATERNAL DYSTOCIA BY PRIMARY UTERINE INERTIA ASSOCIATED WITH HYPOGLYCEMIC SHOCK IN DOG: CASE REPORTABSTRACT: Dystocia is the inability to expel the fetus through the birth canal during parturition. This is a report of a case of dystocia by primary uterine inertia associated with hypoglycemic shock in a five-year-old mongrel bitch. The animal was admitted to the veterinary hospital with abdominal contractions and greenish vaginal secretion, hypothermia, hypoglycemia and numbness, characterized as hypoglycemic shock. Emergency treatment and reversal of hypoglycemia were performed, as well as radiography to check for remaining fetuses and fetal static evaluation. Serum biochemistry revealed mild hypocalcemia and treatment was conducted with calcium gluconate and oxytocin, upon the birth of the fetuses. Clinic dystocia in dogs and cats is considered an emergency. The stabilization of the animal is of utmost importance. Laboratory tests should be recommended to assess the occurrence of electrolyte disturbances, promoting adequate treatment and improving the prognosis of the patient. KEYWORDS: Dystocia. Hypocalcemia. Hypoglycemia. DISTOCIA MATERNA POR INERCIA UTERINA PRIMARIA ASOCIADA A CHOQUE HIPOGLUCÉMICO EN PERRA: RELATO DE CASORESUMEN: Distocia es la incapacidad de expulsar el feto a través del canal durante el parto. Se presenta un caso de distocia por inercia uterina primaria asociada con el choque hipoglucémico en una perra, SRD, de cinco años de edad. El animal fue ingresado en el hospital veterinario, con contracciones abdominales y secreción vaginal de color verdoso, hipotermia, hipoglucemia y entumecimiento, caracterizando choque hipoglucémico. Se realizó un tratamiento de emergencia y reversión...
RESUMO: São descritas doenças do sistema nervoso central (SNC) em cães diagnosticadas no sertão da Paraíba. Os registros de necropsia de 1.205 cães foram revisados. Em 354 casos (29,38%) foram registrados história clínica de alterações do sistema nervoso. Duzentos e noventa e seis casos tiveram diagnóstico definitivo e 58 foram inconclusivos. As doenças infecciosas foram observadas em 59,60% (211/354) de casos que representam a principal causa de distúrbios neurológicos; 53% dos casos (186/354) foram representadas por doenças virais; 3,11% (11/354) foram de etiologia parasitária, 2,54% (9/354) foram causadas por bactérias e 1,41% (5/354) por fungos. Os agentes físicos representaram a segunda causa mais importante de transtornos do SNC com 9,89% (35/354) e os tumores a terceira causa com 5,93% (21/354). Outras alterações pouco frequentes foram alterações metabólicas secundárias a insuficiência hepática ou renal, representando 2,54% (9/354). Casos raros de hidrocefalia congênita foram observados, 1,41% (5/354). Os casos de manifestações neurológicas associadas a alterações vasculares, degenerativas e inflamatórias não infecciosas, muitas das quais uma causa específica não foi estabelecida representaram 4,24% (15/354); Estavam dentro das seguintes categorias de doenças: Infartos isquêmicos e hemorrágicos (6/15), necrose vascular fibrinoide (5/15), doença do disco intervertebral (2/15), meningoencefalite granulomatosa (1/15) e granuloma de colesterol (1/15). Os distúrbios do sistema nervoso central representam uma importante causa de morte ou eutanásia em cães na região semiárida da Paraíba. Os sinais clínicos variaram de acordo com o agente envolvido, localização e distribuição das lesões. O conhecimento dos principais agentes que pode afetar o SNC canino é importante ao fazer uma lista de diagnóstico diferencial.
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