Urban wastewater treatment in Indonesia is limited, due to its high investment cost. To date, there are only 11 big cities that have centralized domestic wastewater treatment plant, such as in Jakarta, Tangerang, Bandung, Medan, Yogyakarta and Surakarta. There is also city sludge faecal treatment plant, like in Surabaya, Jakarta, Yogyakarta and Semarang. All the treatment process in these treatment plants is based on biological process, which are oxidation ditch (Tangerang and Surabaya), stabilization pond (Bandung) and extended aeration (Jakarta and Yogyakarta). Mostly, the biological treatment on the plants are malfunctioning, some of them because of operational capacity which cannot fulfill the design capacity. Yet, the effort of optimization only focuses on biological process aspect, while the hydraulic and physical aspects have a great influence to treatment performance. Research on modification of hydraulic aspect, both experimentally and by using computer simulation to improve treatment performance is needed.

<span>Perencanaan Bangunan Pengolahan Air Minum Kecamatan Bekasi Timur, Kota Bekasi, Jawa Barat <span>(6°15’40.143”S, 107°1’4.968”E) ini bertujuan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air masyarakat Kecamatan <span>Mustika Jaya. Saat ini kebutuhan air di Kecamatan Mustika Jaya dipenuhi dari air tanah atau sumur yang <span>masih kurang terjaga kualitas dan kuantitasnya. Sumber air baku diambil dari Saluran Irigasi Tarum Barat. <span>Metode evaluasi yang digunakan adalah evaluasi multi kriteria. Metode ini digunakan untuk <span>membandingkan beberapa alternatif sekaligus memilih alternatif terbaik. Kriteria desain perencanaan<br /><span>diperoleh dengan membandingkan melalui evaluasi IPA setara. Hasil perencanaan dengan kapasitas <span>produksi IPA sebesar 300 L/detik adalah unit pengolahan terdiri dari bangunan Intake, Cascade Aerator, <span>Koagulasi, Flokulasi, Sedimentasi, Filtrasi dan Reservoir. Rencana anggaran biaya untuk pembangunan <span>unit IPA rencana adalah sebesar Rp. 4.149.462.423,- atau Rp. 13.831.541,- per L/detik.<br /><span><strong>Kata Kunci</strong> : air, bangunan pengolahan air minum, mustika jaya, perencanaan</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /></span>

Abstract. The aims of research is to studying the efficiency of copper removal by combining immobilized microalgae with optimizations of temperature and initial Copper concentration. The research was conducted in batch culture with temperature variations of 25°C, 30°C, and 35°C, as well as initial Cu 2+ concentrations (mg/l) of 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 using monoculture of S. cerevisiae, Chlorella sp., and mixed culture of them both as immobilized biosorbents. The optimum adsorption of 83.4% obtained in temperature of 30°C with an initial waste concentration of 17.62 mg/l, initial biomass concentration of 200 mg, pH of 4, and 120 minutes detention time by the immobilized mixed culture biosorbent. The cell morphology examined using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) has proved that the biosorbent surface was damaged after being in contact with copper (waste), implying that heavy metals (molecules) attach to different functional cell surfaces and change the biosorbent surface. The adsorption process of this research follows Langmuir Isotherm with the R 2 value close to 1. The immobilized mixed culture biosorbent is capable of optimally removing copper at temperature of 30°C and initial Cu 2+ concentration of 17.62 mg/l.

This research was conducted to overcome the Cu 2+ heavy metal pollution in the environment through a biotechnological approach with heavy metal sorption process by microalgae beads. Biosorbent in form of beads was produced from Chlorella sorokiniana, Monoraphidium sp., and Scenedesmus obliquus tropical microalgae mobilized with Naalginate polymer. The sorption process is observed on a controlled batch culture with variations of temperature (25, 35, and 45 °C), and observation periods (200 th , 220 th , 250 th , 270 th min) as contact time. The absorption efficiency on each temperature variation reaches more than 90%, but the highest absorption efficiency rate is at 92.20% on 35 °C temperature and 200 minutes of contact time. Biosorbent beads with 2-3 mm of diameters show the best sorption ability than the 3-4 mm and 4-5 mm ones. Sorption process is also evident with the existence of intensity alteration on amide, ketone, and sulfhydryl function groups which were consistently weakened until the end of the sorption process. The beads utilized in this research are potentially reusable as biosorbent. Thus, further examination is required to acknowledge the maximum reutilization rate of the beads as biosorbent on heavy metal absorption process.

In urban area in Indonesia, such as Jakarta, it is very common that greywater generated from households run off into drainage system. The greywater that mixed together with rain water will flow onto river. Increasing population means increasing in households as well as greywater generated, that become serious problem when greywater becomes dominant in drainage system. To minimize the pollution from greywater in river stream, it was used the constructed wetland with subsurface system in riverbanks of Ciliwung river. The research was conducted using the vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides) planted in the subsurface-constructed wetland to decrease the parameter of ammonia and phosphate from greywater. The aim of the research is to determine the removal efficiency of the parameters from greywater using the constructed wetland located in Srengseng Sawah sub district, South Jakarta City. With the residence time of 2 days, the parameter of ammonia could be removed 10% while for phosphate parameter was 30%. To reach the quality standards, it is suggested to add the pre-treatment of aeration for the wetland.