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In a conventional single-energy X-ray imaging technique, the information obtained from the examined object are often not sufficient for precise characterization. Hence, this study was designed to assess whether the dual-energy imaging technique would be a good alternative to the conventional method and can be used to improve the output image. An electronic microcontroller was chosen as the sample due to its complex inner structure. It was scanned using the X-ray micro computed tomography (micro-CT) scanner at two different energy levels: 60kVp and 100kVp. Dual-energy image processing method was applied to the acquired image and the results were compared to the single-energy image in term of contrast and image quality. The combined information from dual-energy scan at 60kVp and 100kVp was able to visualize the sample’s internal structure (raised surface). By comparison, the single-energy imaging technique was only capable at producing shadow image. The resolution of the dual-energy image, however, was much lower due to the loss of data….

An intervention of radiotracer technology in the EOR program has been initiated using commercial core-flood set up. A commercial type of Berea core is used throughout the experiment. 99mTc is chosen as a radioactive tracer for this experiment, which has a half-life of 6 hours and emits gamma rays’ energy of 0.104MeV. It is a liquid radiotracer with the activity of 10GBq (270mCi), eluted and prepared by Institute Cancer of Malaysia (IKN) before transporting it to the laboratory at Centre of Research in Enhanced Oil Recovery (COREOR), Universiti Teknologi Petronas. The experiment was conducted after 3.5 half-lives. Thus the activity has reduced to approximately (1.48GBq) 40mCi during injection inside the system. The results can be used to assist the reservoir engineer in determining the exact water-tracer breakthrough, localize the location of water-tracer concerning time, and determine the residence time distribution and mean residence time of the core flood where the hydrodynamics of the flow can be predicted. Moreover, the introduction of radiotracer inside the core flood rig can be translated as secondary oil recovery. The idea is to integrate radiotracer technology into the existing commercial core flood set up (FES350) to track the movement of fluid during water-flooding operation. Besides, it can be considered as the first interaction of radiotracer in the enhanced oil recovery application studies in Malaysia.

In this study, principle of prompt gamma neutron activation analysis has been used as a technique to determine the elements in the sample. The system consists of collimated isotopic neutron source, Cf-252 with HPGe detector and Multichannel Analysis (MCA). Concrete with size of 10x10x10 cm 3 and 15x15x15 cm 3 were analysed as sample. When neutrons enter and interact with elements in the concrete, the neutron capture reaction will occur and produce characteristic prompt gamma ray of the elements. The preliminary result of this study demonstrate the major element in the concrete was determined such as Si, Mg, Ca, Al, Fe and H as well as others element, such as Cl by analysis the gamma ray lines respectively. The results obtained were compared with NAA and XRF techniques as a part of reference and validation. The potential and the capability of neutron induced prompt gamma as tool for multi elemental analysis qualitatively to identify the elements present in the concrete sample discussed.

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