ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui jenis bakteri Gram negatif pada uterus sapi Aceh yang mengalami kawin berulang. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan enam ekor sapi Aceh betina yang terdiri atas tiga ekor sapi fertil (K1) dan tiga ekor yang mengalami kawin berulang (K2, repeat breeding, RB). Pengambilan sampel bakteri dalam uterus sapi dilakukan dengan menggunakan swab steril yang disimpan dalam media nutrient broth (NB) untuk isolasi dan identifikasi jenis bakterinya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, baik K1 dan K2, positif terinfeksi bakteri dan diperoleh 16 isolat bakteri di antaranya enam isolat berasal dari K1 dan sepuluh isolat berasal dari K2. Dari 10 isolat bakteri Gram negatif yang ditemukan pada sapi RB terdiri atas Escherichia coli (E. coli) (30,00%), Pseudomonas sp. (30,00%), Enterobacter sp. (20,00%), Klebsiella sp. (20,00%). Disimpulkan bahwa bakteri yang paling banyak menginfeksi uterus sapi RB adalah E. coli dan Pseudomonas sp. (Isolation and identification of gram negative bacteria in uterine Aceh cow with repeat breeding) ABSTRACT. The study determined the type of Gram negative bacteria of the Aceh cattle uterus which has been diagnosed with repeat breeding. The study was conducted on six Aceh cows consists of 3 normal fertile cows (K1) and 3 repeat breeding cows (K2, RB). The bacteria in uterine samples were collected using sterile swab, kept into nutrient broth (NB) for further isolation and identification of bacteria. The result of the study showed that the total of 16 isolates of bacteria was observed in all cows : 6 isolates from group K1 and 10 isolates from group K2. A total of 10 isolates from cattle with repeat breeding consist of Escherichia coli (E. coli) (30.00%), Pseudomonas sp (30.00%), Enterobacter sp (20.0%), and Klebsiella sp (20.0%). It can be concluded that the most bacteria that infect uterine cows with repeat breeding are E. coli and Pseudomonas sp.

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of red watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) extract to the value of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit of mice (Mus muscullus) exposed to cigarette smoke. This study followed direct complete randomized design by using 12 males’ mice which divided into 4 groups. The treatment group is divided by the negative control group which given 0,5 ml of aquadest, the positive control group which exposed to cigarette smoke and 0,5 ml of aquadest. The treatment group I was exposed to cigarette smoke and given red watermelon extract dose 22 mg/Bw mice. The treatment group II was exposed to cigarette smoke and given red with watermelon extract dose 44 mg/Bw mice. The exposure to cigarette smoke and the given of red watermelon extract were conducted for 30 days. The blood taking was performed on day 31 in the Plexus retroorbital.  Furthermore, the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit were calculated. The data were analyzed using ANOVA completely randomized design with SPSS for Windows 16.0. The results of this study showed that the extract of red watermelon for 30 days showed a highly significant effect (P 0.01) to the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit of mice. It is concluded that free radicals contained in the cigarette can cause a hemoglobin desaturation, increased blood viscosity, oxidative stress and red watermelon extract can minimize the damage.

This study aimed to determine the effect of the red watermelon extract can affect the number of leukocytes in mice exposed to cigarette smoke. This study was designed with a completely randomized design using a unidirectional pattern 20 male mice (Mus muscullus) were divided into 4 groups. K1 negative controls were given 0.5 ml of distilled water, K2 positive control by exposure to cigarette smoke and 0.5 ml of distilled water, K3 by exposure to cigarette smoke and red watermelon extract were given a dose of 22 mg / mouse and K4 by exposure to cigarette smoke and were given extracts of red watermelon a dose of 44 mg / mouse. Exposure to cigarette smoke and red watermelon extract conducted for 30 days, making blood on day 31. Blood sampling performed at Plexus Retroorbitalis. Furthermore, counting the number of leukocytes. Data were analyzed using ANOVA completely randomized design with SPSS for Windows 16.0. The results of this study showed that the extract of watermelon for 30 days showed their real influence (P 0.05) to the number of leukocytes in mice. It is concluded that free radicals contained in cigarette can cause a leukocytosis, an inflammatory, oxidative stress and red watermelon extract can minimize cell damage.

<p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to identify the factors that cause reproductive disorders in beef cattle in the North Labuhanbatu, North Sumatra.</p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>The objects of this study were cattle with reproductive disorders and breeders whose cattle had reproductive disorders. This research used a survey method. Primary data was obtained by distributing questionnaires and conducting direct interviews with breeders, while secondary data was obtained by studying the 2017 report of UPSUS SIWAB (Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture's program to accelerate the fulfilment of domestic beef cattle population targets) in North Labuhanbatu Regency. The questionnaire covered the characteristics of cow with reproductive disorders including body condition score (BCS), type of cows, feed given to cows with reproductive disorders, maintenance management, veterinary/medical personnel visits, pregnancy checks, heat synchronization, birth assistance, type of mating, and the breeders identity. This questionnaire was distributed to 30 breeder respondents in 5 districts. Data were analyzed using stepwise regression with SPSS.<strong></strong></p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that 110 cows had reproductive disorders, 57.3% of which experienced hypofunctional ovaries. The independent variable that has the strongest correlation to the dependent variable is the body condition score (sig. 0.043), followed by the feed given to the cows (sig. 0.046) with the regression equation Y = -4.297 + 1.495X₁ + 2.492X₂.<strong></strong></p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The identified factors that had correlation to reproductive disorders in female beef cattle are body condition score and feed.<strong></strong></p>

This study aimed to determine the effect of vitamin C addition in andromed® dilution on procentage of motility and intact plasma membrane post thawing of aceh bull spermatozoa. This research used fresh semen aceh bull were collected using artificial vagina and divided into four treatments.Control treatment (P0) semen without the addition of vitamin C, first treatment (P1) semen plus vitamin C 0.5 g/100 ml of dilution, second treatment (P2) semen plus vitamin C 1.0 g/100 ml of dilution, third treatment (P3) semen plus vitamin C 2.0 g/100 ml of dilution. The experiment design used was completely randomized design (CRD). Data was analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis of Variant) and followed by Duncan’s multiple range (Duncan’s Multiple Range Test) 5% confidence interval. The result showed that the addition of vitamin C influence the motility and intact plasma membrane percentage of aceh bull spermatozoa after thawing. The addition of vitamin C 0.5 g/100 ml and 1.0 g/100 ml increase motility and intact plasma membrane percentage, while vitamin C 2.0 g/100 ml decrease motility and intact membrane plasma percentage after thawing.Key words: intact plasma membrane, motility, aceh bull, spermatozoa, vitamin C