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Received 2 September 196.9) DAVIES R. L. (1970) Variable relationships in central place and retail potential models, Reg. Studies 4, 49-61. Considerable efforts have been spent by geographersand planners to find suitable measuresofthe concepts of centrality and attractiveness in shopping models. Numerous indices have been advocated which emphasize the functional and qualitative aspects of shopping centres, but these vary in nature and scope and are often dependent on field surveys or special computations. From examination of three case-study areas, it is shown that such indices are not necessarily in any more agreement with each other in hierarchic rank placements of shopping centres than they are with rankings assigned by more general variables of census statistics. It is questioned whether their applicability to shopping studies in a practical context is any greater than use of certain more commonly available and compatible census data.

Despite, or perhaps even because of, the economic uncertainties of the period, the 1970s witnessed a radical transformation of the British distributive system. Most of the changes which occurred were similar to those experienced elsewhere in the Western world, and in a review of developments in EEC countries, Dawson has suggested that the impact of these changes on society could be similar to that produced by the Industrial Revolution. In Britain at least, the changes in distribution were, and remain, a result of very marked changes in society: most notably the change in consumption patterns brought about by endemic inflation, increasing unemployment and periodic world energy crises. The result has been increased competition, a search for greater efficiency and diversification of traditional product lines. Thus the British distribution system throughout the 1970s was dominated by the trend to mass merchandising, by the emergence of large firms and a consequent increase of corporate power and by the appearance of new distribution forms. While many of the conditions and developments experienced in the 1970s are expected to continue into the 1980s, it has been predicted (Distributive Industry Training Board 1980) that by the 1990s further revolutionary changes are likely to have occurred, particularly as a result of widespread automation involving new technology. The industry is, therefore, in the middle of a period of very rapid change.