The detailed study devoted to instrumental diagnostic methods of bone tissue research was performed by authors. The main idea which is the basis for this work is the analysis and study of X-ray methods for examining bone tissue, highlighting their advantages. As a result of the work, we analyzed published scientific data in Russian and foreign literary sources, which addresses many instrumental methods of bone tissue research. After experiments a detailed description of the most common research methods related to the study of bone tissue was given, its structure and other functions. Analysis of the modern scientific data has shown that there is a great need to know the instrumental methods for studying human organs and systems, and their more accurate possibilities for identifying pathological processes, which will permit the use of the research method that in any particular case will be the most informative, which would provide timely diagnosis and its accuracy.

This study focuses on problems of treatment of proximal humeral fractures occurring against the background of osteoporosis. It presents statistics on osteoporosis and lower energy trauma among patients in the Russian Federation and abroad. The high susceptibility to osteoporotic changes in the bone structure of the male population of Russia compared to the global statistics of osteoporosis among men was emphasized. The main classifications used in the clinical practice of orthopedists and traumatologists allow to identify the type of fracture by clinical and anatomical basis and to structure the existing patient management tactics to achieve the most optimal result of treatment and restoration of limb function. There is an analysis of publications representing various methods of fracture treatment, which helps to use the most optimal methods of relevant fractures treatment.