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The L3 sub-shell alignment of atoms by heavy charged particle impact is treated in the straight-line version of the SCA model for atomic Coulomb excitation. Values are presented for ionization probability functions for relevant magnetic sub-states as well as the alignment parameter as functions of the projectile impact parameter. A simple scaling procedure of the given approximate results to various experimental situations is indicated.

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Perturbations of a given flow are considered, and the equations which govern the one-dimensional, non-steady flow of an inviscid, ideal compressible gas are linearized in the neighbourhood of this known solution, assumed isentropic, by a formal perturbation expansion. The perturbed flow is not assumed isentropic. Explicit solutions are obtained for a basic flow which is uniform or a centred simple wave and for an arbitrary simple wave if the perturbed flow is isentropic.The perturbation of a uniform shock and perturbations in a shock tube lead to functional equations of a particular type, and a discussion of their solution is given.A similar analysis is used to discuss the flow in a tube of slowly varying cross-section.