No abstract

The aim of this paper is to account for the important role of illustrative examples as an inherent part of entries of phraseological dictionaries. After designating the function of this element of the entry we suggest the review of its development from the earliest dictionaries to the latest ones. On the basis of existing unilingual phraseological dictionaries of the English and Russian languages we draw the conclusion about the necessity of elaborating appropriate methodology of selecting contexts and their arranging in the entry. Research into illustrative examples structure of four online idiom dictionaries evidences that online phraseography has not worked out its methodology of selecting, preparing and representing illustrative material used in resources of computer and corpora linguistics. We also make emphasis on the fact that phraseography is a part of linguistics.

Purpose: The paper is devoted to the study of verbalizing the social and cultural notion "family" in the second volume of the novel "War and Peace" by L. Tolstoy and the novel "In Chancery" by J. Galsworthy. It describes the stylistic devices enabling to realize positive and negative connotative components of the meaning of linguistic units verbalizing the notion "family". Methodology:In order to achieve the goal of our research we conducted a thorough comparative analysis of the texts of the works under study. Result:The results of our study allow us to draw a conclusion regarding the linguistic means enabling to realize ameliorative and pejorative connotative components in the meaning of the word "family" used in combination with it. Furthermore, the evidence from this study allowed us to compare the images of the British and Russian in the studied works represented by the analyzed linguistic means.Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students.

Purpose of the study: The experiment is aimed at studying the potential of non-native speakers in applying various idiom transformations. The relevance of the current work is closely related to its purpose since the ability to identify the key component of an idiom or proverb makes their comprehension much easier and deeper. Methodology: The authors used experimental methods to reveal the role of transformations in identifying the key components of idioms. The experiment included several types of experiments: natural, transformational, open and mental. The subjects were 28 third-year students of Kazan Federal University whose major is English as a group of informants. The group of informants was given 10 English phraseological units which include a component part nominating some profession. Students were given two tasks and the time limit given for it was 2 – 2.5 hours. Main Findings: The paper describes an experiment conducted with the purpose of identifying key components/components of phraseological units. Having analyzed two types of phraseological transformations (substitution and deletion) performed by informants, we draw conclusions concerning the relevance of applying each of these types of transformation for the purpose of identifying the key component/components. Applications of this study: Analysis of the results of the experiment conducted within this research demonstrates that each of the phraseological units under analysis is built according to a particular semantic model, which is retained when any of the component parts are substituted and can be restored when deleting component parts other than key ones. Novelty/Originality of this study: The fact that most phraseological units are built according to some semantic template and the possibility of distinguishing one or more key components within them is assumed. The experiment also reveals the possibility of an element of a phraseological unit being not necessarily a component part. The relevance of the current work is closely related to its purpose since the ability to identify the key component of an idiom or proverb makes their comprehension much easier and deeper.

The article examines the contextual models of phraseological and paroemiological units with the component-ornithonym. Special attention is paid to studying the role of the mentioned components regarding the reproducibility and stability of these phraseological units. Using the Google Ngram Viewer resources the authors identify the contextual models of the analyzed phraseological and paroemiological units. The Google Ngram Viewer resources for studying these linguistic units are under analysis.