Workplace violence (WPV) is an increasing cause of concern around the globe, and healthcare organizations are no exception. Nurses may be subject to all kinds of workplace violence due to their frontline position in healthcare settings. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify and consider different interventions that aim to decrease the magnitude/prevalence of workplace violence against nurses. The standard method by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA, 2009) has been used to collect data and assess methodological quality. Altogether, twenty-six studies are included in the review. The intervention procedures they report on can be grouped into three categories: stand-alone trainings designed to educate nurses; more structured education programs, which are broader in scope and often include opportunities to practice skills learned during the program; multicomponent interventions, which often include organizational changes, such as the introduction of workplace violence reporting systems, in addition to workplace violence training for nurses. By comparing the findings, a clear picture emerges; while standalone training and structured education programs can have a positive impact, the impact is unfortunately limited. In order to effectively combat workplace violence against nurses, healthcare organizations must implement multicomponent interventions, ideally involving all stakeholders.

Peer violence was remarkably high at baseline. Among urban public school students, 94% of 6th-grade boys and 85% of girls reported being victimized by peers in the last 4 weeks. And 85% of boys and 66% of girls reported perpetrating such violence. Boys scored worse on a number of mental health measures. A cluster RCT is underway to evaluate a well-established school-based intervention using sports and games to reduce peer violence.

BackgroundChild peer violence is a global problem and seriously impacts health and education. There are few research studies available in Pakistan, or South Asia. We describe the prevalence of peer violence, associations, and pathways between socio-economic status, school performance, gender attitudes and violence at home.Methods1752 children were recruited into a cluster randomized controlled trial conducted on 40 fairly homogeneous public schools (20 for girls and 20 for boys), in Hyderabad, Pakistan. This was ranging from 20–65 children per school. All children were interviewed with questionnaires at baseline.ResultsFew children had no experience of peer violence in the previous 4 weeks (21.7% of girls vs.7% of boys). Some were victims (28.6%, of girls vs. 17.9% of boys), some only perpetrated (3.3% of girls vs. 2.5%) but mostly they perpetrated and were victims (46.4%.of girls vs 72.6%. of boys). The girls’ multivariable models showed that missing the last school day due to work, witnessing her father fight a man in the last month and having more patriarchal gender attitudes were associated with both experiencing violence and perpetration, while, hunger was associated with perpetration only. For boys, missing two or more days of school in the last month, poorer school performance and more patriarchal attitudes were associated with both victimization and perpetration. Witnessing father fight, was associated with peer violence perpetration for boys. These findings are additionally confirmed with structural models.DiscussionPeer violence in Pakistan is rooted in poverty and socialization of children, especially at home. A critical question is whether a school-based intervention can empower children to reduce their violence engagement in the context of poverty and social norms supportive of violence. In the political context of Pakistan, reducing all violence is essential and understanding the potential of schools as a platform for intervention is key.

Workplace violence is a devastating issue worldwide. Incidents of workplace violence towards nurses are common in every healthcare setting. Nurses are more prone to workplace violence due to the nature of the tasks performed by them at healthcare settings. Lack of respect towards the nursing profession in the Pakistani society is a significant contributing factor in workplace violence towards nurses.

Workplace violence towards nurses is categorized in two types, psychological and physical violence and both these types of violence exist equally in different health care settings of Pakistan. There are many reported and unreported cases in which nurses experience rape, unwanted sexual deeds, workplace bullying, and physical violence from patients, their family members and other paramedical staff.

Background: Sexual harassment towards nurses has negative consequences, both for the nurses and for the health care organizations.Female nurses are more at risk for sexual violence because their caring a�itude is misperceived by male patients as sexual signals. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of sexual harassment towards nurses. Method:A descriptive Cross-sectional study was conducted with 458 registered nurses from all the Inpatient units and the Emergency departments of two government and two private healthcare se�ings in Karachi, Pakistan. The data was collected through a tool known as "workplace violence in the health sector country case studies research instrument" (2003). Results:The study found 10% prevalence of sexual harassment. Sexual harassment was almost the same at both the government and private healthcare se�ings. The common perpetrators were found to be patients' relatives (47.8%) and the staff members (32.6%). Nurses, who were between 19 and 29 years of age, were mostly the victims ofsexual harassment. Conclusion:Considering the study findings, it is recommended that acceptable and non-acceptable behaviors for patients and their relatives must be communicated very clearly in the hospitals, so that they may get aware of and practice acceptable behaviors. Moreover, a structured reporting system should be formulated in the private and government health care organizations.