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ObjectiveFatigue is a common problem among nurses, and patient/visitor incivility is thought to lead to nurses’ fatigue. However, the mechanism by which patient/visitor incivility leads to nurses’ fatigue has not been well studied. The aim of this study is to examine whether the association between patient/visitor incivility and fatigue among Chinese nurses is mediated by emotional labour strategy.DesignA cross-sectional study.MethodsIn November 2019, a stratified cluster sample of 1207 nurses from two hospitals in China was used to collect data on fatigue, patient/visitor incivility and emotional labour strategy through online questionnaires. Emotional labour strategy has three dimensions: surface acting (SA), deep acting and natural acting. Complete responses were provided by 1036 (85.8%) participants. Student’s t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis and the PROCESS procedure (A modeling macro installed in SPSS to analyse mediation.) were adopted to analyse the data.ResultsPatient/visitor incivility and SA were positively related to fatigue (p<0.01), while natural acting was negatively related to fatigue (p<0.01). SA played as a mediator in the association between patient/visitor incivility and nurses’ fatigue (95% CI 0.047 to 0.113, p<0.05).ConclusionPatient/visitor incivility could contribute to Chinese nurses' fatigue. When nurses were exposed to patient/visitor incivility, they were more likely to use the SA emotional labour strategy, which would lead to fatigue. Nursing administrators should be aware of the seriousness of nurses’ fatigue.