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Teliospore germination is described for 28 additional species of smut fungi, most of which were recently collected in Mexico.Germination for most species is reported here for the first time. Included are some rarely collected species, some recently described by the author, and some previously unknown to exist in the New World. Where new records of exotic species for North America are indicated, germination was used to verify diagnoses, even though reported by previous workers in some instances. In demonstrating germination, family and generic affinities for most species were corroborated, although one required generic transfer.

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In teliospores of Tilletia indica Mitra meiosis occurred at germination, followed by a series of mitoses in teliospores, promycelia, or both, resulting in promycelia with numerous haploid nuclei. Primary sporidia initially were single, monokaryotic cells. After abstriction cell division occurred, but each cell stayed monokaryotic. Mycelia isolated from incipiently infected wheat caryopses formed teliospores on potato sucrose agar after 2–3 weeks and continued to do so for about 2 years. Nuclear stages of the fungus in culture and host tissue were demonstrated with haematoxylin, HCl–Giemsa, and (or) the Feulgen nucleal reaction. During formation of teliospores in vitro, conjugately associated nuclei of sporogenous mycelia migrated to probasidial initials which formed at right angles to the parent hypha. The dikaryotic probasidia usually were subtended by Y-shaped septa. Karyogamy was not seen, but circumstantial evidence suggested that it occurred during very early stages of probasidial development because even immature teliospores were monokaryotic. The process of teliospore formation and the concomitant changes in nuclear condition were easily observed in cultures, but in vivo the gelatinoid nature of the mycelium in the host tissue made this much more difficult. Moreover, some stages of teliospore formation observed in vitro were not seen in soral sections and presumably did not form in son on the host.

This paper presents the first iteration design of the Flotant concept developed within the framework of a Cooperation Research Project funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. The Flotant concept is a hybrid concrete-plastic barge-type floating offshore substructure holding a 12MW wind turbine with the singularity of getting floatability by using plastic foam material fitted within the floater substructure. The INS12MW generic wind turbine, an upscaling exercise based on the DTU10MW reference wind turbine, is presented and simulated using open-source certified aeroelastic code. The floating platform and the mooring system are designed for two different sites, West of Barra and South East of Gran Canaria island. The principal dimensions are presented along with the hydrostatic and hydrodynamic properties of the floating system. A relevant subset of design load cases derived from International Electrotechnical Commission and Det Norske Veritas standards was simulated using an open-source aeroelastic code (NREL FAST) to check the coupled aero-hydro-elastic behaviour of the floating system and to generate the required load-matrix for the structural assessment of the different components. The evaluation of the design includes the seakeeping performance, the stability of the floating platform and the global performance analysis for the abovementioned sites. It demonstrates the technology developed within the Flotant project is feasible even in rough conditions like the ones in the West of Barra site.